U, V, X, Y
U
U. Hidden; dark;
dim; gloomy; gmysterious.
U ám. Dark,
gloomy, obcure, sombre. Mặt u ám, dismal,
melancholy face. Tư tưởng u ám, dismal
thoughts.
U ẩn. Hidden,
secret, in seclusion. Sống u ẩn, to live in
seclusion.
U đồ. The dark
paths, i.e. rebirth in purgatory or as hungry ghosts,
or animals.
U hiển. The under
world and the world of the living.
U huyền.
Enigmatic,
U linh. Invisible
spirits, the spirits in the shades, the soul of the
departed.
U mê. Stupid,
idiot. Làm u mê, to stupefy, besot, deaden,
bestialize.
U minh. Mysterious,
beyond comprehension; the shades.
U nghi. The
mysterious form, the spirit of the dead.
Uẩn. Skandha (S).
Accumulation, heap; group, aggregates of the
existence.
Uẩn tính.
Character of skandha.
Uẩn xứ giới.
The five skandhas uẩn, twelve àyatana or bases
xứ, eighteen dhàtu or elements giới.
Uất. Dense,
oppressive, anxious; translit u sounds.
Uất đà ma.
Uttama (S). Highest, chief, greatest.
Uất đà la.
Uttara (S). Upper, higher, superior; subsequent;
result; excess; the north.
Uất đà la tăng.
Uttaràsanga (S). An upper or outer garment; the
seven-patch robe of a monk; also used for the robe
flung toga-like over the left-shoulder.
Uất đà già.
Udraka-Ràmaputra (S). A Brahman ascetic to whom
miraculous powers are ascribed, for a time mentor of
Sàkyamuni when he left home. Also Uất đầu lam
phất, Uất đà la.
Uất đan việt.
The northern of the four continents around Meru. Also
Bắc cu lô châu.
Uế. Dirty, filthy,
unclean.
Uế độ. The foul
earth, impure land.
Uế thân. Filthy
body.
Uy âm vương Phật.
Bhìsmagarjitasvara-ràja (S). A former Buddha.
Ứng. Respond,
correspond, answer, reply;
Ứng cúng. Arhat
(S). Worthy of worship.
Ứng hóa.
Nirmàna means formation, with Buddhists,
transformation, or incarnation. Responsive
incarnation, or manifestation, in accordance with the
nature or needs of different beings.
Ứng hóa lợi sinh.
Revelation or incarnation for the benefit of the
living.
Ứng hóa thân.
Nirmànakàya (S). The Buddha incarnate, the
transformation body.
Ứng khí. Pàtra
(S). The begging bowl, the utensil corresponding to
the dharma. Also ứng lượng khí.
Ứng tụng. Geya
(S). Corresponding verses, i.e. a prose address
repeated in verse
Ương quật lị ma la.
Angulimàla (S). The killer who was converted by
Buddha. Also Chỉ man, Vô não.
Ưu. Sorrow, grief,
anxiety, melancholy; to mourn, grieve; translit u,
yu.
Ưu bi. Grief;
sadness.
Ưu hải. The ocean
of sorrow.
Ưu hỏa. The fires
of sorrow or distress.
Ưu hoạn. To be
afflicted with a calamity, with misfortune.
Ưu thế. The world
of trouble and sorrow.
Ưu thụ. Sorrow,
one of the five emotions.
Ưu. Abundant,
excessive; exceptional, extra; at ease; an actor;
chiefly translit u sounds.
Ưu ba cúc đa.
Upagupta (S). The fourth Indian Patriarch. Another
name of Moggaliputta-Tissa.
Ưu ba đề xá.
Upadesa (S). Section of the Canon
Ưu ba kiết.
Upakùta (S).
Ưu ba li. Upàli
(S). A barber of sùdra caste, who became a disciple
of Sàkyamuni, was one of the three sthaviras of the
first Synod, and reputed as the principal compiler of
the Vinaya, hence his title Trì giới Keeper of
the Laws.
Ưu bà di.
Upàsikà (S). Female lay disciples who engage to
observe the first five precepts.
Ưu bà đà da.
Upàdhyàya (S). A spiritual teacher. A genaral
term for monk. Also hòa thượng, thân giáo
sư.
Ưu bà quật đa.
Upagupta (S). A sùdra by birth, who entered upon
monastic life when 17 years old. He was renowned as
almost a Buddha, lived under King Asoka, and is
reputed as the fourth patriarch, 200 years after the
nirvàna. Also Ưu ba cúc đa.
Ưu bà tắc.
Upàsaka (S). Originally mening a servant, one of
low caste, it became the name for a Buddhist layman
who engages to observe the first five precepts, a
follower, disciple, devotee.
Ưu bát la. Utpala
(S). The blue lotus, to the shape of whose leaves the
Buddha's eyes are likened; also applies to other
water lilies. Name of a dragon king; also one of the
cold hells, and one of the hot hells.
Ưu đà di.
Udàyin (S). To rise, shine forth; a disciple of
Sàkyamuni, to appear as Buddha Samantaprabhàsa
Phổ Minh Như Lai.
Ưu đa la. Uttara
(S) Upper, superior, higher, further.
Ưu đà na.
Udàna(ya) (S). Voluntary discourses, a section of
the canon. Also Tự thuyết.
Ưu đàm. Udumbara
(S). The glomarous fig tree, symbol of the arrival of
a Buddha on the Earth.
Ưu đàm bát hoa.
The udumbara tree; supposed to produce fruit without
flowers; once in 3,000 years it is said to flower,
hence is a symbol of the rare appearance of Buddha.
The Ficus glomerula.
Ưu điền vương.
Udayana (S). Name of a king. Also Ưu đà diên
vương.
Ưu lâu tần loa Ca
diếp. Uruvilvà Kàsyapa (S). One of the
principal disciple of Sàkyamuni, so called because
he practiced ascetism in the Uruvilvà forest, or,
because he had on his breast a mark resembling the
fruit of the papaya (uruvilvà) He is to reaapear as
Buddha Samantaprabhàsa.
Ưu tất xoa.
Upeksà (S). The state of mental equilibrum in which
the mind has no bent or attachment, and neither
meditates nor acts, a state of indifference.
Explained by xả abandonment. Also xả tướng,
hành xả
*
* *
V
Vạn. Myriad,
10,000; all.
Vạn bát thiên
thế giới. The 18,000 easterly worlds lighted
by the ray from Buddha's brow.
Vạn cảnh. All
realms, all regions.
Vạn đức. All
virtues.
Vạn hạnh. All
procedures, all actions, all disciplines, or modes of
salvation.
Vạn pháp. All
things, everything that has noumenal and or
phenomenal existence.
Vạn pháp nhất như.
The absolute in everything; the ultimate reality
behind everything.
Vạn pháp nhất
tâm. Myriad things but one mind; all things as
noumenal.
Vạn thiện. All
goodness, all good works.
Vạn tự. The
sauvastika, also styled srivatsa-laksana, the mark on
the breast of Visnu; the lightning; a sun symbol; a
sign of all power over evil and all favour to the
good; a sign shown on the Buddha's breast. One of the
marks on a Buddha's feet.
Vãng. To go; gone;
past; to be going to, future.
Vãng lai. To go
and come back; to go to and fro.
Vãng sinh. The
future life, the life to which anyone is going; to go
to be born in the Pure Land of Amitàbha Buddha. (1)
vãng tướng hồi hướng to transfer one's
merits to all beings that they may attain the Pure
Land of Amitàbha. (2) hoàn tướng hồi
hướng having been born in the Pure Land to return
to mortality and by one's merits to bring mortals to
the Pure Land.
Vãng sinh quyết
định chân ngôn. Mantra for the rebirth in
the Pure Land.
Văn. To hear; to
make known to; to smell.
Văn danh. To hear
the name of; fame, famous; to hear the name of
Buddha, or a Buddha.
Văn đà la ni.
To hear and keep, hear and and remember the teaching;
đà la ni meaning to hold to, maintain.
Văn pháp. To
hear the doctrine.
Văn Sức tôn giả.
Kàtyana (S). Also Ca chiên diên.
Văn thù sư lị Bồ
tát. Manjusri Bodhisattva.
Văn trí tuệ.
Xem Văn tuệ.
Văn trì. To hear
and keep; hearing and keeping in mind; hearing and
obeying,
Văn tuệ. Hearing
the word and become wise in it; wisdom obtained from
hearing.
Vân. Megha (S).
Cloud, cloudy, abundant.
Vân bản. A sort
of cloud-shaped gong, struck to indicate the hour.
Vân đường.
The assembly hall of a monastery, because of the
massed congregation.
Vân huynh thủy đệ.
Brothers or men of the cloud and waters,
fellow-monks.
Vân lôi âm tú
vương hoa trí Phật.
Jaladhara-garjita-ghosa-susvara-naksatra-ràja
sankusumità-bhijna (S). A Buddha possessing the
wisdom of the Thunder-god and of the flowery stars.
Vân lôi âm vươmg.
Megha-dundubhi-svara-ràja. Xem Vân lôi âm
túc vương hoa trí Phật.
Vân môn. The
Cloud gate monastery in Quảng Đông, from which
Văn Yển derived his tittle, he lived early in the
tenth century and founded the Vân Môn thiền
tông.
Vân tâm. Clouded
heart, depressed.
Vân tập.
Flocking like clouds, a great assembly.
Vi. Sùksma (S).
Minute, small, slight; abstruse, subtle; disguise;
not; translit vi, bi. Used in the sense of a molecule
seven times larger than cực vi an atom.
Vi diệu. Abstruse,
recondite, mysterious.
Vi diệu pháp.
Xem A tì đàm, A tì đạt ma.
Vi đà. The
guardian facing the main hall of a temple.
Vi đà luận. Xem
Phệ đà, Vệ đà.
Vi đề hi. Vaidehi
(S). Wife of Bimbisàra and mother of Ajàtasastru.
Vi hành. Minute,
refined, or subtle action.
Vi mật.
Mysterious, secret, occult.
Vi nữu. Visnu
(S). All-pervading, encompassing; "the
preserver" in the Trimùrti Brahmà creator,
Visnu preserver, Siva destroyer.
Vi tế. Minute,
fine, refined, subtle.
Vi tiểu tội.
Minute, minor offence to the law.
Vi trần. Anu (S).
A molecule. Atomic element.
Vi trần số.
Numerous as molecules, or atoms; numberless.
Vị. Not yet, the
future.
Vị lai, đương
lai. Anàgata (S). That which has not come, or will
come; the future, e.g. vị lai thế a future life,
or lives; also the future tense, one of the tam
thế, i.e. quá past, hiện present, vị future.
Vị liễu nhân.
The karma of past life not yet fulfilled.
Vị sinh oán.
Ajatasatru (S). Xem A xà thế.
Vị tằng hữu.
Adbhuta (S). Never yet been, non such, rare,
marvellous. Also hi hữu.
Vị tằng hữu kinh.
Adbhutadharma-paryàya (S). One of the twelve
divisions of the Canon.
Vị. Rasa (S).
Taste, flavour, the sense of taste. One of the six
sensations.
Vị dục, vị trước.
The taste-desire, hankering after the pleasures of
food, etc.
Vị trần.
Taste-dust; one of the six "particles"
which form the material or medium of sensation.
Việc lành. Punya
(S). Good deed.
Viêm. Blazing,
burning.
Viêm nhiệt địa
ngục. Tapana (S). The hell of burning or
roasting, the sixth of the eight hot hells, where 24
hours equal 2,600 years on earth.
Viên. Park,
garden. Lộc dã viên, Mrgadava (S). Deer park.
Trúc viên. Venuvana (S), Bamboo park. Cấp cô
độc viên, Jetavana (S). Garden of the prince
Jeta.
Viên. Round, all
round, full-orbed,inclusive, all-embracing, whole,
perfect, complete.
Viên âm. The
all-embracing, perfect voice.
Viên cơ. The
potentiality of becoming fully enlightened at once.
Viên cụ. Whole
and complete.
Viên cực.
Inclusive to the uttermost; absolute perfection.
Viên diệu. The
mystery of the "perfect" school, i.e. the
complete harmony of không giả trung noumenon,
phenomenon, and the middle way.
Viên dung.
Complete combination; the absolute in the relative
and vice versa; the identity of apparent contraries;
perfect harmony among all differences, as in water
and waves, passions and enlightenment, transmigration
and nirvàna, or life and death, etc; all are of the
same fundamental nature, all are chân như
bhùtatathatà, and bhùtatathatà is all.
Viên đạo. The
perfect way.
Viên đàn. Round
altar; a complete group of objects of worship, a
mandala.
Viên đoạn. The
Thiên Thai doctrine of the complete cutting off, at
one remove, of the three illusions, i.e. kiến tư
associated with không, trần sa with giả, vô
minh with trung.
Viên đốn.
Complete and immediate.
Viên đốn giáo.
The complete immediate teaching, that of Thiên
Thai.
Viên giác.
Complete enlightenment potentially present in each
being, for all have bản giác primal awareness, or
chân tâm the true heart (e.g. conscience), which
has always remained pure and shining; considered as
essence it is the nhất tâm one mind, considered
causally it is the Như lai tạng
Tathàgata-garbha, considered in its result it is
viên giác perfect enlightenment.
Viên giáo. The
complete, perfect, or comprehensive doctrine; the
school or sect of Mahàyàna which represents it.
The term has had three references. The first was by
Quang Thống, sixth century, who defined three
shools, Tiệm gradual, Đốn immediate, Viên
inclusive or complete. The Thiên Thai called its
fourth section inclusive, complete, or perfect
teaching Viên, the other three being Tạng
Hìnayàna, Thông Màhayàna-cum-Hìnayàna,
Biệt Mahàyàna. The Hoa Nghiêm so called its
fifth section, i.e. Tiểu thừa, Đại thừa
thủy giáo, Đại thừa chung giáo, Đốn
giáo and Viên giáo.
Viên hải. The
all-embracing ocean, i.e. the perfection or power of
the Tathàgata.
Viên hợp. All
embracing, all inclusive.
Viên không.
Complete vacuity, i.e. không không, from which
even the idea of vacuity is absent.
Viên mãn. Pari-
(S). Completely full; wholly complete; the fulfilling
of the whole, i.e. that the part contains the whole;
the absolute in the relative.
Viên mãn kinh.
The complete, or all-inclusive sùtra, a term
applied to the Hoa Nghiêm kinh.
Viên mật. The
complete teaching of Thiên Thai and the esoteric
teaching. Also the harmony of both as one.
Viên ngộ.
Completely to apprehend the truth. In Thiên Thai,
the complete apprehension at the same time of
noumenon, phenomenon, and the middle way.
Viên Phật. The
Buddha of the "perfect" school, the perfect
pan-Buddha embracing all things in every direction;
the dharmakàya; Vairocana identified with
Sàkyamuni.
Viên quang. The
halo, or aura, surrounding the head of a Buddha, etc.
Viên quả.
Perfect fruit, nirvàna.
Viên tâm. The
perfect mind, the mind that seeks perfection, i.e.
niràna.
Viên thành.
Complete perfection.
Viên thành thật
tính. Parinispanna (S). The perfect true nature,
absolute reality, the bhùtatathatà.
Viên thành Vệ
đà. Vedànta (S). Last texts of Veda. Also
Vệ đàn đà.
Viên thông.
Universally penetrating; supernatural powers of
omnipresence; universality; by wisdom to penetrate
the nature or truth of all things.
Viên thông tam
muội. The various samàdhi of supernatural
powers of the twenty five "great ones" of
the Lăng nghiêm kinh Surangama sùtra.
Viên thông Đại
sĩ. The omnipresent hearer of those who call,
Quán Thế Âm Bồ tát.
Viên thừa. The
all-complete vehicle, the final teaching of Buddha.
Viên tịch.
Perfect rest, i.e. parinirvàna; the perfection of
all virtue and the elimination of all evil, release
from the miseries of transmigration and entrance into
the fullest joy.
Viên tín.
Complete-faith; the faith of the "perfect"
school. A Thiên Thai doctrine that a moment's faith
embrace the universe.
Viên tông. The
sect of the complete or final Buddha-truth, i.e.
Thiên Thai.
Viên tu. (1) To
observe the complete Thiên Thai meditation, at one
and the same time to comprehend the three ideas of
không giả trung; (2) to keep all the precepts
perfectly.
Viên tu Tịnh độ.
To keep all the teaching of Pure Land perfectly.
Viễn. Far,
distant, far removed.
Viễn Công. Zendo
(J). Founder of the Pure Land sect in China. Also
Tuệ Viễn.
Viễn hành địa.
Dùramgamà-bhumi (S). The seventh of the Ten
Grounds of Bodhisattva.
Viễn li. Vivarjana
(S). Leave afar off, be far removed; absolute
separation of unconditioned reality from the realm of
phenomena. Abandoning, abstaining from.
Viễn li lạc. The
joy of the first dhyàna heaven, in which the
defilement of desire is left far behind in mystic
contemplation.
Viễn li nhất thiết
chư phân biệt. Sarvakalpanàvirahitam (S).
Free from all forms of discrimination.
Viễn li sở duyên.
Alambànavigata (S).
Viễn trần li cấu.
Naiskramya (S). To be far removed from the dust and
defilement of the world.
Viện Hóa Đạo.
Institute for the Propagation of the Dharma. Viện
trưởng Viện Hóa Đạo: Head of the Institute
for the Propagation of the Dharma.
Viện Tăng Thống.
The Sangha Council. Tăng thống: Supreme Patriarch
of the Sangha Council.
Vĩnh cửu.
Sanàta (S). Eternal, forever. Also Bất diệt.
Vĩnh cửu chủ
nghĩa. Sàsvatavàda (S). Eternalism.
Việt. To step
over, pass over, surpass, exceed; similar to siêu,
with which it is often connected.
Việt hỉ tam muội.
The samàdhi of Yasodharà, wife of prince
Siddharta and mother of Rahula, which causes all
kinds of joy to self and others.
Việt nam. Vighna
(S). A very rich person in Benares but mean.
Việt tam giới bồ
tát. The Bodhisattva who has surpassed the
three realms (desire, form, formless)
Việt tội.
Exceeding sin, or transgression of the law,
particularly of esoteric law or monastic vows.
Vọng. Mithyà
(S). False, untrue, erroneous, wild.
Vọng chấp. False
tenets, holding on to wrong views.
Vọng duyên. The
unreality of one's environment; also the causes of
erroneous ideas.
Vọng kiến.
Mithya drsti (S). False views (of reality), Wrong
views.
Vọng ngôn, vọng
thuyết. False words, or talk; lies.
Vọng ngữ.
Mithya màrga (S). Wrong speech.
Vọng nhiễm, vọng
phong. The spread of lies or false ideas.
Vọng niệm. False
or misleading thoughts.
Vọng pháp.
Bhrànti (S). Error, ill conduct.
Vọng tâm. A
wrong, false, or misleading mind.
Vọng tâm sở thủ
danh nghĩa. Parikalpitàbhidhàna (S). The net
of phraseology woven by erronous imagination.
Vọng trần. The
unreal and unclean world.
Vọng tưởng.
Erroneous thinking.
Võng Minh Phật.
Light-net Buddha.
Vô. Sanskrit A, or
before a vowel An, similar to English Un-, In-, in a
negative sense; not, no, none, non-existent; opposite
of hữu. Vô nhất no one; vô nhị vô tam
neither two nor three, but only nhất thừa one
vehicle.
Vô ái. Without
love, or craving, or attachment.
Vô ảnh tượng.
Niràbhàsa (S). Without image or shadow, without
semblance or appearance.
Vô bất. A double
negative, making a positive; also vô phi, vô
một.
Vô biên. Ananta
(S). Endless, boundless.limitless, infinite, i.e.
like space.
Vô biên hạnh Bồ
tát. Infinite virtues Bodhisattva.
Vô biên pháp
giới. The infinite world of things; the realm
of things infinite in number; the infinite universe
behind all phenomena.
Vô biên quang Phật.
The immeasurable light Buddha.
Vô biên thân Như
lai. The immeasurable body of the Buddha.
Vô biên thế giới.
The infinite world, i.e. space ; also infinite
worlds; the numberless worlds in infinite space.
Vô biểu.
Avijnapti (S). Unconscious, latent, not expressed,
subjective. Internal and not visible to others.
Vô cái. That
which cannot be covered or contained, universal; also
that which includes all, a characteristic of the pity
of Buddha.
Vô cái đại bi.
Uncontainable, or superlative, pity.
Vô căn tín.
Faith produced not of oneself but by Buddha in the
heart.
Vô cấu. Vimala,
amala (S). Undefiled, stainless.
Vô cấu địa.
The stage of undefilement, the second stage of a
Bodhisattva; also applied to the final stage before
attaining Buddhahood.
Vô cấu nhẫn.
The stage of undefiled endurance.
Vô cấu thức.
Amala vijnàna (S). Undefiled or pure consciousness,
formerly considersed as the ninth, later as the
eighth consciousness.
Vô cấu y. The
stainless garment, the monastic robe of purity.
Vô chủng tính.
The nature without the seed of goodness and so unable
to escape from the stream of transmigration.
Vô công dụng.
Without effort. Vô công dụng đức, without
merit or virtue.
Vô duyên.
Causeless, without immediate causal connection,
uncaused, underived, independent.
Vô duyên tam muội.
Anilambha (S). "Undropped samàdhi", in
which all mental functions cease to connect with
environment and cease to function.
Vô duyên từ.
Uncaused compassion.
Vô duyên thừa.
The vehicle, or method, of the subjective mind, by
which all existence is seen as mental and not
external. The Vô duyên thừa tâm is the sixth
of the thập trụ stage.
Vô dư. Asesa (S).
No reminder, no remnant, final; applied to the
section of the Vinaya regarding expulsion for
unpardonable sin frm the monkhood; also to final
nirvàna without remainder for reincarnation.
Vô dư kí.
Complete or final prediction, e.g. to Buddhahood, as
contrasted with partial prediction.
Vô dư (y) Niết
bàn. Anupadhisesa (S). The nirvàna state in
which exists no remainder of the karma of suffering.
Vô đẳng. Asama
(S). Unequal, unequalled; the one witout equal,
Buddha.
Vô đẳng đẳng.
Asamasama (S). Of rank unequalled, or equal with the
unequalled, Buddha and Buddhism.
Vô đẳng giác.
The unequalled enlightenment possessed by Buddhas.
Vô đẳng thừa.
The unequalled vehicle, Mahàyàna.
Vô động.
Aksobhya (S). Imperturbable, calm, serene,
unagitated. Also Bất động.
Vô động Phật.
Aksobhya-Buddha (S). Imperturbable Buddha. Also Bất
động Phật, A súc Phật.
Vô đối quang.
Incomparable light.
Vô già đại
hội. Moksa Mahàparisad (S). Council
convoked every five years.
Vô gián. Avici
(S). Uninterrupted, unseparated, without
intermission.
Vô gián địa ngục.
The Avici hell, the last of the eight hot hells, in
which punishment, pain, form, birth, death continue
without intermission.
Vô gián nghiệp.
The unintermitted karma, or unintermitted punishment
for any of the five unpardonable sins.
Vô hậu sinh tử.
No more birth-and-death, the bodhisattva who will not
again be subject to the wheel of transmigration.
Vô hiệu nghiệp.
Ahosi-kamma (P). Ineffective karma.
Vô hình tướng.
Niràbhàsa (S). No appearance, no splendour. Also
Vô ảnh tượng.
Vô học. Asaiksa
(S). No longer learning, beyond study, the state of
arhatship.
Vô học đạo.
The way of arhat, especially his attainment to
complete truth and freedom from all illusion, with
nothing more to learn.
Vô khứ vô lai.
Neither going nor coming, eternal like the
dharmakàya.
Vô kí.
Avyàkrta, avyàkhyàta (S). Unrecordable (either
as good or bad); neutral, neither good nor bad;
things that are innocent, or cannot be classified
under moral categories.
Vô kiến đỉnh
tướng. The usnisa, or lump, on Buddha's head,
called "the invisible mark on the head"
because it was supposed to contain an invisible sign.
Vô lậu.
Anàsrava (S). No drip, leak, or flow; outside the
passion stream; passionless; outside the stream (of
transmigratory suffering); away from the down flow
into lower forms of rebirth.
Vô lậu căn.
The three roots which produce pure knowledge.
Vô lậu đạo.
The way of purity, or deliverance from the passion.
Vô lậu môn.
Asravaksaya-jnàna (S). Entry into spiritual
knowledge free from all faults.
Vô lậu nhân.
Passionless purity as a cause for attaining
nirvàna.
Vô lậu pháp.
The way of purity, or escape from the passion and
lower transmigration.
Vô lậu pháp tính.
The pure, passionless dharma nature.
Vô lậu quả.
The result of following the way of giới, định,
tuệ, i.e. purity, meditation, and wisdom, with
liberation from the passions and from lower
incarnation.
Vô lậu thật
tướng. Reality as passionless or pure.
Vô lậu tối hậu
thân. The final pure or passionless body.
Vô lậu trí.
Passionless knowledge.
Vô lậu tuệ.
Passionless, or pure, wisdom, or enlightenment.
Vô lượng.
Apramàna, amita, ananta (S). Immeasurable,
unlimited, e.g. the "four infinite"
characteristics of a Bodhisattva are từ bi hỉ
xả, loving kindness, compassion, joy and
equanimity.
Vô lượng giác.
Infinite enlightenment, name of Amtàbha.
Vô lượng lực
Bồ tát. The Bodhisattva with Infinite Power.
Vô lượng nghĩa.
Infinite meaning, or the meaning of infinity; the
meaning of the all, or of all things.
Vô lượng nghĩa
xứ tam muội.
Anantanirdesapratisthàna-samàdhi (S). The
concentration into which the Buddha is represented as
entering before preaching the doctrine of infinity as
given in the Lotus-sùtra.
Vô lượng quang.
Apramànànha (S). Immeasurable, or infinite light
or splendour.
Vô lượng quang
Phật. Amitàbha Buddha.
Vô lượng quang
thiên. Apramànàbha (S). The heaven of
boundless light, the fifth of the Brahmalokas.
Vô lượng tâm.
Infinite mind, the mind of Infinity, the mind as
large as infinity.
Vô lượng tinh
tiến Phật. Measureless vigour Buddha.
Vô lượng tịnh
thiên. Apramànasubha (S). Boundless purity,
the second of the heavens in the third dhyàna
heavens of form.
Vô lượng thanh
tịnh Phật. The Buddha of boundless purity,
Amitàbha.
Vô lượng thọ
kinh. Sukhàvativyùha-sùtra (S). Sùtra of
the Amitabha Buddha.
Vô lượng thọ
Phật. Boundless, measureless, infinite life, a
name of Amitàbha.
Vô lượng tràng
Phật. Measureless curtain Buddha.
Vô lượng tuệ.
Infinite wisdom, a term applied to a Buddha.
Vô lượng tướng
Phật. Measureless appearance Buddha.
Vô lượng ý.
Anantamati (S). Boundless mind, intention, will, or
meaning.
Vô minh. Avidyà
(S). Ignorance, and in some senses Mayà, illusion;
it is darkness without illumination, the ignorance
which mistakes seeming for being, or illusory
phenomena for realities; it is also intp. as Si,
ignorant, stupid, fatuous; but it means generally,
unenlightened, unillumined. The Khởi tín luận
distinguishes two kinds as Căn bản the radical,
fundamental, original darkness or ignorance
considered as a Vô thủy Vô minh primal
condition, and Chi mạt "branch and twig"
conditions, considered as phenomenal. Avidyà is
also the first, or last of the twelve nidànas.
Vô minh hoặc.
The illusion arising from primal ignorance which
covers and hinders the truth of the via media.
Vô minh kết. The
bond of ignorance.
Vô minh kiến.
Views produced by ignorance, ignorant perception of
phenomena.
Vô minh lưu.
Unenlightenment, or ignorance, the cause of the
stream of transmigration.
Vô minh pháp tính
nhất thể. Avidyà and Bhùtatathatà are
of the same nature, as are ice and water; the ice of
avidyà is the water of all things, the source out
of which all enlightenment has come.
Vô minh phụ.
Ignorance as father and desire as mother produce the
ego.
Vô minh nghiệp ái.
Ajnànakarmatrsnà (S). Ignorance, karma, desire -
the three forces that cause reincarnation.
Vô minh sử. One
of the ten lictors, messengers or misleaders, i.e. of
ignorance, who drives beings into the chain of
transmigration.
Vô minh tạng.
The store house of ignorance.
Vô minh trụ địa.
The fifth of the five trụ địa, i.e. the
fundamental unenlightened condition, the source or
nucleus of ignorance; also ignorance as to the nature
of things, i.e. of their fundamental unreality.
Vô môn tông.
The unsectarian, Thiền tông or meditative sect,
so called because it claimed to derive its authority
directly đrom the mind of Buddha.
Vô một thức.
Xem A lại da thức.
Vô năng. Unable,
without power.
Vô năng thắng.
Ajita (S). Invincible, unsurpassable, unconquerable,
especially applied to Di lặc Bồ tát Maitreya
Bodhisattva. Also A dật đa.
Vô nămg thắng Phan
vương Như lai trang nghiêm đà la ni kinh.
Dhvajàgrakayùri-dhàrani
Vô ngã.
Anàtman, nairàtmya (S). No ego, no soul (of an
independent and self contained character),
impersonal, no individual independent existence (of
conscious or unconscious beings, anàtmaka).
Vô ngã tướng
kinh. Anattàlakkhana-sùtta (P). Sutta of the
Characteristics of Non Ego.
Vô ngại.
Apratihata (S). Unhindered, without obstacle,
resistless, without resistance, permeating
everywhere, all pervasive, dynamic omnipresence which
enters everywhere without hindrance like the light of
a candle.
Vô ngại nhân.
The unhindered one, the Buddha, who unbarred the way
to nirvàna, which releases from all limitations;
the omnipresent one; the one who realizes
nirvàna-truth.
Vô ngại quang
Phật. The Buddha with the all pervasive light
or glory, Amitàbha.
Vô ngại quang Phật
trí. The omniscience of Buddha.
Vô nghi.
Undoubted, without doubt.
Vô ngôn. Without
words, silent, speechless.
Vô ngôn thuyết
đạo. The way, or teaching, without speech; the
school which teaches that speaking of things is
speaking of nothing, or the non-existent; the
acquisition of truth through contemplation without
the aid of words.
Vô nguyện.
Apranihita (S). Desireless.
Vô nhị. Advaya
(S).Non-duality.
Vô nhiệt.
Anavatapta (S). Heatless.
Vô nhiệt thiên.
Anavatapta, or Atapta heaven without heat or
affliction.
Vô nhiệt trì.
Anavatàpta (S). Mythical lake of the King of
Nàgas.
Vô niệm. Without
a thought; without recollection; absence of false
ideas or thoughts, i.e. correct ideas or thoughts;
apart from thought.
Vô phân biệt.
Nirvikalpa (S). Non discriminating.
Vô phân biệt
tâm. The mind free from particularization,
especially from affection and feelings; passionless.
Vô phân biệt trí.
Nirvikalpa-jnàna (S). Mind free from
discriminating.
Vô phân biệt
pháp. The absolute dharma underlying all
particular dharmas, the absolute as contrasted with
the relative.
Vô phiền. Free
from trouble.
Vô phiền thiên.
The thirteenth Brahmaloka, the fifth region of the
fourth dhyàna.
Vô phương. No
place, nowhere; unlimited to place and method, i.e.
Buddha'spower.
Vô sắc. Arùpa
(S). Formless, shapeless, immaterial.
Vô sắc dục.
Arùparàga (S). Craving for immaterial existence.
Vô sắc giới.
Arùpaloka, arùpadhàtu (S). The heavens without
form, immaterial, consisting only of mind in
contemplation, being four in number, which are
defined as Tứ không thiên
Catùrùpabrahmaloka, and given as Không vô
biên xứ, àkàsanantyàyatana; Thức vô
biên xứ, vijnànànatyàyatana; Vô sở
hữu xứ, akincanyà- yatana; Phi tưởng phi
phi tưởng xứ, naivasamjnànasamjnàyatana.
Vô sắc hữu.
Existence in the formless or immaterial realm.
Vô sắc tham. The
desire in the world without form of holding on to the
illusion of contemplation.
Vô sinh.
Anutpanna, anutpatti (S). Not born, without being
born or produced; uncreated; no rebirth; immortal;
nirvàna as not subject to birth and death, or
reincarnation, and which negates them; the condition
of the absolute.
Vô sinh môn. The
doctrine of reality as beyond birth, or creation,
i.e. that of the bhùtatathatà, the gate or shool
of immortality.
Vô sinh nhẫn.
The patient rest in belief in immortality, or no
rebirth.
Vô sinh pháp.
The law of no-birth, or immortality, as the
fundamental law of the chân như and the embodiment
of nirvàna.
Vô sinh pháp nhẫn.
Anutpattikà-dharma-ksànti (S). Endurance,
patience of the practitioner who has penetrated the
truth, all things are unborn.
Vô sinh thân.
The immortal one, i.e. the dharmakàya.
Vô sinh trí. The
final knowledge attained by th arhat, his release
from the chain of transmigration. Also, the knowledge
of the bodhisattva of the assurance of immortality,
or no rebirth.
Vô số.
Asamkhyeya (S). Numberless.
Vô sở. Nothing,
nowhere.
Vô sở bất năng.
Nothing (he) cannot do, omnipotent.
Vô sở bất chí.
Nowhere (it) does not reach.
Vô sở đắc.
Nowhere, or nothing obtainable, the immaterial
universal reality behind all phenomena.
Vô sở hữu.
Avidyamàna (S). Non existing, nothing existing, the
immaterial.
Vô sở hữu vọng
tưởng tịch diệt pháp.
Vikalpa-vivikta-dharma (Niràbhasa) (S). The ruth
that is detached from discrimination.
Vô sở hữu xứ.
Akincannayatana (S). Sphere of Nothingness, Heaven of
Formless.
Vô sở hữu xứ
định. Akincanàyàtana (S). The contemplation
of the state of nothingness, or the immaterial.
Vô sở quán.
The contemplation of the immaterial reality behind
all phenoma.
Vô sở trú.
Apratisthita (S). No means of staying, non abiding.
Vô sở trứ
(trước). Not bound by any tie, i.e. free from
all influence of the passion-nature, an epithet of
Buddha.
Vô sở.
Fearlessness.
Vô sư. Without a
teacher, self-attained.
Vô sư giác.
Self-attained enlightenment.
Vô sư trí.
Self-attained enlightenment, wisdom attained without
a teacher, Buddha.
Vô tác. Not
creating, uncreated; not doing; inactive physically
or mentally; independent of action, word or will,
i.e. natural, intuitive.
Vô tác giải
thoát môn.
Vô tác giới.
The intangible, invisible moral law that influences
the ordinand when he receives visible ordination;
i.e. the internal spiritual moral law and its
influence; the invisible grace of which the visible
ordination is a sign. Also vô tác biểu giới.
Vô tàm. Ahrika
(S). Without shame, shameless.
Vô tâm.
Mindless, without thought, will, or purpose; the real
immaterial mind free from illusion; unconsciousness,
or effortless action.
Vô tâm đạo
nhân. The hermit or saint in ecstatic
contemplation, as with emptied mind he become the
receptacle of mystic influences
Vô tâm tam muội.
The samàdhi in which active thought has ceased.
Vô tận. Ananta
(S). Inexhaustible, without limit.
Vô tận duyên
khởi. Unlimited causation, or the unlimited
influence of everything on all things and all things
on everything; one of the Hoa Nghiêm tứ chủng
duyên khởi. Also pháp giới duyên khởi.
Vô tận hải.
The Buddha-truth as inexhaustible as the ocean.
Vô tận đăng.
The one lamp which is yet limitless in the lighting
of other lamps; the influence of one disciple may be
limitless and inexhaustible; also an altar light
always burning.
Vô tận tạng.
The inexhaustible treasury.
Vô tận ý.
Inexhaustible intention or meaning.
Vô tận ý Bồ
tát. Aksayamati Bodhisattva (S). A Bodhisattva
to whom Sàkyamuni is supposed to have addressed the
Avalokitesvara chapter, in the Lotus sùtra.
Inexhaustible Bodhisattva.
Vô tế.
Unlimited, boundless.
Vô tính. Without
a nature, nothing has an independent nature of its
own.
Vô tham. Viràga
(S). Absence of desire.
Vô thắng. Ajita
(S). Invincible, unsurpassed, unconquered.
Vô thủy. Without
beginning, as in the chain of transmigration.
Vô thủy không.
Without beginning and unreal, void without beginning,
the abstract idea of vô thủy, i.e. without
beginning.
Vô thủy vô minh.
The period of unenlightenment or ignorance without
beginning, primal ignorance.
Vô thức.
Ajnàna (S). Unknowledge. Also Vô tri.
Vô thường.
Anitya (S). Impermanent; the first of the tam minh
trividyà; that all things are impermanent, their
birth, existence, change, and death never resting for
a moment.
Vô thường, Khổ,
Không, Vô ngã. Anitya, Dukkha, Sunya,
Anàtman (S). Impermanence, Suffering, Emptiness,
Selflessness.
Vô thường
tưởng. Thinking on the impermanence.
Vô thường y.
The reliance of the impermanent, i.e. Buddha, upon
whom mortals can rely.
Vô thượng.
Anuttara (S). Unsurpassed, unexcelled, supreme,
peerless.
Vô thượng bồ
đề. The supreme bodhi, or enlightenment, that
of Buddha.
Vô thượng chính
biến trí. Supreme perfect wisdom.
Vô thượng chính
đẳng chính giác. Anuttara-samyak-sambodhi
(S). Supreme and perfect Enlightenment. Also Phật
quả, A nậu đa la Tam miệu Tam bồ đề.
Vô thượng diệu
giác. The supreme mystic enlightenment.
Vô thượng đạo.
The supreme way, or truth, that of Buddha.
Vô thượng đăng.
The supreme lamp.
Vô thượng giác.
Supreme perfect enlightenment.
Vô thượng Niết
bàn. The supreme nirvàna, that of
Mahàyàna.
Vô thượng nhãn.
The supreme eye, able to discern the inward
significance of all things.
Vô thượng nhẫn.
The highest patient equanimity in receiving the
truth; also to believe the truth of impermanence
without doubt.
Vô thượng pháp.
The supreme dharma, nirvàna.
Vô thượng pháp
luân. The preaching, or propagation of the
supreme dharma.
Vô thượng pháp
vương. The Lord of supreme dharma, Buddha.
Vô thượng phúc
điền y. The supreme garment of the field of
blessedness, i.e good works.
Vô thượng sĩ.
Anuttara (S). Unsurpassed. The peerless noble one,
the Buddha.
Vô thượng sĩ
Điều ngự trượng phu. Unsurpassed knight
taming hero.
Vô thượng tàm
quí y. The supreme garment of sensitiveness to
the shameful, the monk's robe.
Vô thượng tôn.
The peerless honoured one.
Vô thượng
thượng. Above the supreme, the supreme of the
supreme, i.e. Buddha.
Vô thượng
thượng thừa. The most supreme vehicle, the
Mahàyàna.
Vô thượng tuệ.
Supreme wisdom, that of Buddha.
Vô tỉ. Without
comparison, no comparing, incomparable.
Vô tỉ pháp.
Incomparable truth or law.
Vô tranh. Without
strife, debate, or contradiction; passionless;
abiding in the "empty" or spiritual life
without debate, or without striving with others.
Vô tranh tam muội.
The samàdhi in which there is absence of debate or
disputation or distinction of self and other.
Vô trần.
Dustless, without an atom of the material or unclean,
immaterial, pure.
Vô trần pháp
giới. The immaterial-realm.
Vô tri. Ignorant;
ignorance; absence of perception. Also, ultimate
wisdom considered as static, and independent of
differentiation.
Vô tri vô giác.
Inanimated ignorant.
Vô trụ. Not
abiding; inpermanence; things having no independent
nature of their own, they have no real existence as
separate entities.
Vô trụ tam muội.
The samàdhi which contemplates all things as
temporal and evanescent.
Vô trứ (trước).
Unattached, not in bondage to anything. Name of
Asanga, brother of Vasubandhu and others.
Vô trước hạnh.
Unfettered action, power to overcome all obstacles.
Vô trước Thiên
thân tông. The school of Asanga and
Vasubandhu, i.e. Pháp Tướng tông.
Vô tự tính.
Asvabhàva (S). Without self-nature, without a
nature of its own, no individual nature; all things
are without tự nhiên tính individual nature or
independent existence, being composed with elements
which disintegrate.
Vô tướng.
Animitta, niràbhàsa (S). Without form, or sign;
no marks or characteristics; nothingness; absolute
truth as having no differentiated ideas.
Vô tướng giải
thoát môn. The nirvàna type of liberation.
Vô tướng hảo
Phật. Xem Vô tướng Như lai.
Vô tướng không
giáo. The Tam luận tông or Màdhyamika
school.
Vô tướng Như lai.
Nirlaksana-Buddha, Alaksana-Buddha (S). The Buddha
without the thirty two or eighty marks, i.e.
Nagàrjuna.
Vô tướng phúc
điền y. The garment of nothingness for
cultivating the field of blessing, i.e. the robe,
which separates the monk from earthly contamination.
Vô tưởng.
Without thought, absence of thinking.
Vô tưởng định.
The concentration in which all thinking ceases in the
desire to enter vô tưởng thiên.
Vô tưởng thiên.
Avrha (S). The thirteen Brahmaloka, the fourth in the
fourth dhyana where thinking, or the necessity for
thought ceases. Also vô tưởng giới, vô
tưởng xứ.
Vô úy. Abhaya
(S). Fearless, dauntless, secure; nothing and nobody
to fear; also Vira, courageous, bold.
Vô úy ấn.
Abhaya-mudrà (S). Gesture of fearlessness.
Vô úy sơn.
Abhayagiri (S). Mount Fearless in Sri Lanka with an
ancient monastery where Fa-hsien Pháp Hiển found
5,000 monks.
Vô úy sơn trụ
bộ. Abhayagirivasin (S). A buddhist sect.
Vô úy Tam tạng.
Subhàkarasimha (S). Name. Also Thiện Vô úy,
Tịnh Sư tử.
Vô úy thí.
Abhayapradàna (S). The bestowing of confidence by
every true Buddhist, i.e. that none fear may him.
Gift of fearlessness.
Vô ương số kiếp.
Asankhyeya kalpa (S). A period of numberless kalpas.
Vô ưu. Asoka (S).
Without sorrow, not feeling or not causing sorrow.
Vô ưu vương.
King Asoka. Also vua A dục.
Vô vấn. Unasked;
not to ask; volunteered.
Vô vấn tự
thuyết. Udàna (S). That part of the canon
spoken voluntarily and not in reply to questions or
appeals.
Vô vi. Asamkrta
(S). Non-active, passive; laissez faire; spontaneous,
natural; uncaused, not subject to cause, condition,
or dependence; transcendental, not in time,
unchanging, eternal, inactive, and free from the
passions or senses; non phenomenal, noumenal; also
intp. as nirmàna, dharma-nature, reality, and
dharmadhàtu.
Vô vi không.
Asamskrta sùnyatà (S). The immaterial character
of thetranscendent.
Vô vi Niết bàn
(giới). The realm of the eternal,
unconditioned nirvàna.
Vô vi pháp.
Asamskrtadharma (S). Any thing not subject to cause,
condition, or dependence; out of time, eternal,
inactive, supra-mundane. Pháp tướng tông
enumerates 6 vô vi pháp non-created elements: (1)
hư không vô vì àkàsa, space. (2) trạch
diệt vô vi pratisamkhyà nirodha, extinction
obtained by knowledge; (3) phi trạch diệt vô vi
apratisa khyà nirodha, extinction not by knowledge
but by nature; (4) bất động diệt vô vi acala
nirodha, extinction by a motionless state of heavenly
meditation; (5) thụ tưởng diệt vô vi
samjnà vedayita nirodha, extinction by the stoppage
of idea and sensation by an arhat; (6) chân như
vô vi tathàtà, true suchness.
Vô vi pháp thân.
Asamskrta-dharmakàya (S). The eternal body of
Buddha not conditioned by cause and effect.
Vô vi sinh tử.
The birth-and-death of saints, i.e. without any
action, transformation.
Vô vi tự nhiên.
Causeless and spontaneous, a tr. of nivrtti.
Vô vi xá. The
nirvàna home.
Vô y. Nothing on
which to rely; unreliable.
Vô y Niết bàn.
Final nirvàna.
Vô ý. Absence of
subjective thought, of will, or intention; absence of
idea.
Vu lan bồn.
Ullambana (S). All Soul's Day. Also Lễ Vu lan,
Cứu đảo huyền.
Vu lan bồn kinh.
Ullambana-sùtra (S)
Vũ đế. Wou-ti
(C)
Vực Long.
Dignàga, Dinnàga (S). Name of person. Also Trần
Na, Đồng Thụ.
Vườn nai.
Mrgadàva, Rsivadana, Sàranganàtha (S). Deer
Park. Also Lộc uyển, Lộc dã viên.
Vương. Ràjà
(S). King, prince, royal; to rule.
Vương tam muội.
The king of samàdhis, the highest degree of
samàdhi, the Thủ lăng nghiêm định.
Vương xá thành.
Ràjagrha (S). King Bìmbìsara is said to have
removed his capital here from Kusàgrapura. Actual
Ràjgir.
*
* *
X
Xa ma tha. Samàtha
(S). To cease; tranquility, serenity. Also Chỉ.
Xa nặc. Chandaka
(S). The coachman of the Prince Siddhàrtha.
Xá bà đề quốc.
Sravasti (S). Also Xá vệ quốc, Xá vệ
thành, Thất la phiệt thành.
Xá li quốc. Xem
Tì xá li.
Xá lị (lợi).
Sàrìra (S). Relic.
Xá lị Phật.
Sàrìradhàtu (S). Relic of the Buddha.
Xá lị răng Phật.
Dasanadhàtu (S). Tooth relic (eyetooth) of the
Buddha.
Xá lị tháp.
Sàrìraka (S). Stùpa of relic.
Xá lợi phất.
Sàriputra (S). One of the ten great disciple of the
Buddha.
Xá lợi tử.
Xem Xá lợi phất.
Xá na Tôn đặc.
The special and sacred body of Vairocana Buddha.
Xá Vệ thành.
Sràvasti (S). Name of an Indian city.
Xà Da đa. Jayata
(S). The Indian 20th patriarch, teacher of
Vasubandhu.
Xà đà già kinh.
Jatakas (S). Also Kinh Bản sinh.
Xà đề. Jati
(S). Birth, production. Also Sinh.
Xà lê. Acàrya
(S). A teacher, instructor, exemplar.
Xà na. Djnà (S).
The Buddha's wisdom.
Xà phạ la.
Jvàla (S). The halo. Also Vầng hào quang, quang
minh.
Xà quật.
Grdhrakùta (S). Vulture peak mount. Also Linh
thứu sơn, Linh sơn, Kì xà quật, Kì sơn.
Xà y na giáo.
Jaina (S). Jainism. Also Kì na giáo, Ni kiền
đà.
Xả. Upeksà (S).
Neglect, indifference. abandoning; to relinquish,
renounce, abandon, reject, give. Translit sa.
Xả đọa.
Naihsargika-Pràyascittika (S). The 30th of 250
rules of bhiksus.
Xả niệm thanh tịnh
địa. The pure land or heaven free from
thinking, the fifth of the nine Brahmalokas, in the
fourth of dhyàna region.
Xả tâm. The mind
of renunciation
Xả thân. Bodily
sacrifice.
Xả thí. Tyagà
(S). Generous.
Xả tướng.
Upeksà (S) Xem xả.
Xao động. Xem
trạo cử.
Xiển đề.
Atyantika (S). Also Nhất xiển đề.
Xuất. To go out,
come forth, put forth; exit; beyond.
Xuất đạo. To
leave the world and enter the nirvàna way.
Xuất định. To
come out of the state of dhyàna; to enter into it
is nhập định.
Xuất gia.
Pravrajyà (S). To leave home and become a monk or
nun.
Xuất gia nhân.
One who has left home and become a monk or nun. Two
kinds are named: (1) Thân xuất gia, one who
physically leaves home, and (2) tâm xuất gia one
who does so in spirit and conduct. A further division
of four is: (1) thân xuất gia tâm không
xuất gia one who physically leaves home, but in
spirit remains with wife and family; (2) thân
không xuất gia nhưng tâm xuất gia one who
physically remains at home but whose spirit goes
forth; (3) thân và tâm đều xuất gia one
who leaves home body and spirit; and (4) thân và
tâm đều không xuất gia one who, body and
mind, refuses to leave home.
Xuất hiện. To
manifest, reveal, be manifested, appear, e.g. as does
a Buddha's temporary body, or nirmànakàya. Name
of Ưu đà di Udàyi a disciple of Buddha to be
reborn as Samantaprabhàsa.
Xuất li. To leave,
come out from.
Xuất li phiền não.
To leave the passions and delusions of life.
Xuất Phật thân
huyết. To shed a Buddha's blood, one of the
five grave sins.
Xuất sinh. To be
born; to produce; monastic food, superior as bestowed
in alms called xuất sinh phạn.
Xuất thánh. The
surpassing sacred truth, or the sacred immortal
truth.
Xuất thế. (1)
Appearance in the world, e.g. the Buddha's appearing.
(2) To leave the world; a monk or nun. (3) Beyond, or
outside, this world, not of this world; of nirvàna
character. Lokottara (S). Supermundane,
transcendental.
Xuất thế bản
hoài. The aim cherished by the Buddha in
appearing in the world.
Xuất thế bộ.
Lokottaravàdinah, an offshoot of the
Màhàsangrikàh, division of the eighteen
Hìnayàna schools.
Xuất thế đại
sự. The great work of the Buddha's appearing,
or for which he appeared.
Xuất thế gian.
To go out of the world; the world (or life) beyond
this; the supra-mundane; the spiritual world.
Xuất thế gian
đạo. The way of leaving the world, i.e. of
enlightenment.
Xuất thế gian
pháp. The teaching of leaving the world.
Xuất thế gian trí.
Jnànam-laukottara-tamam (S). Knowledge of the
supra-world.
Xuất thế nghiệp.
The work or position of one who has quitted the
world, that of a monk.
Xuất thế phục.
The garment of one who has left the world.
Xuất thế quả.
The fruit of leaving the world, the result in another
world; nirvàna.
Xuất thế tâm.
The nirvàna, or other-world mind.
Xuất thế trí.
The knowledge of leaving the world.
Xuất thế xá.
An abode away from the world, a monastery, hermitage.
Xuất trần. To
leave the dusty world of passion and delusion.
Xuất triền chân
như. The unfettered, or free bhùtatathatà,
as contrasted with the tại triền chân như.
Xuất tuệ. The
wisdom of leaving mortality, or reincarnations.
Xúc. Sparsa (S).
To butt, strike against; contact; touch; collision;
the quality of tangibility. One of the twelve
nidànas.
Xúc dục. Desire
awakened by touch.
Xúc độc. The
poison of touch.
Xúc lạc. The
pleasure produced by touch.
Xúc nhân. Touch,
or sensation cause.
Xúc thực. The
food of sensation.
Xúc trần. The
medium or quality of touch.
Xứ. To dwell,
abide; a place, state. Ayatana (S). also tr. Nhập,
place or entrance of the sense, both the organ and
the sensation, or sense datum. Sphere, regions. Lục
xứ. Sadàyatana (S). Six spheres of sense-organs.
Thập nhị xứ, twelve àyatana, i.e. six organs
and six sense data that enter for discrimination.
Xứ bất thoái.
Not to fall away from the status attained.
Xưng. To call,
style, invoke.
Xưng danh. To
invoke the (Buddha's) name, especially that of
Amitàbha.
Xưng tán. To
praise.
*
* *
Y
Y. Clothes,
especially a monk's robe.
Y bát. Cassock and
almsbowl.
Y châu. The pearl
in the garment, i.e. Buddha-nature.
Y Tòa Thất. The
robe, throne and abode of the Tàthagata, See Lotus
Sùtra Pháp sư phẩm.
Y. To depend, rely
on; dependent, conditioned; accord with.
Y báo. Xem Y
chính.
Y chính. The two
forms of karma resulting from one's past; Chính
báo, being the resultant person; Y báo, being the
dependent condition, or environment, e.g. country,
family, possessions, etc.
Y chỉ. To depend
and rest upon.
Y chỉ sư. The
acàrya, or master of a junior monk.
Y chỉ thậm thâm.
The profundity on which all things depend, i.e. the
bhùtatathatà; also the Buddha.
Y địa. The ground
on which one relies; the body, on which sight,
hearing etc., depend; the degree of samadhi attained.
Y ngôn chân như.
The bhùtatathatà in its expressible form, as
distinguished from it as Li ngôn inexpressible.
Y pháp bất y nhân.
To rely upon the dharma, or thuth itself, and not
upon (the false interpretations of) men.
Y tha. Dependent on
or trusting to someone or something else; trusting on
another not on self or "works".
Y tha khởi tính.
Paratantra (S). Depending on another that which
arises. Not having an independent nature, not a
nature of its own, but constituted of elements.
Y tha tự tính.
One of the Tam tính dependent on constructive
elements and without a nature of its own.
Y tha tâm. The
mind in a dependent state, that of the Buddha in
incarnation.
Y tha thập dụ.
The unreality of dependent or conditioned things,
e.g. the body, or self, illustrated in ten
comparisons: foam, bubble, flame, plantain, illusion,
dream, shadow, echo, cloud, lightning.
Y thân. The body
on which one depends, or on which its parts depend.
Y thiền bảng. A
board to lean against when in meditation.
Y liên thiền.
Nairanjàna (S). Xem Ni liên thiền. Name of a
river.
Y thông. The
magical powers which depend on drugs, spells etc.
Ý, Mạt na.
Manas, mana, mano (S). The sixth of the sadàyatanas
or six means of perception, i.e. sight, hearing,
smell, taste, touch and mind. Intellectual function
of consciousness.
Ý an lạc hạnh.
The calmly joyful life of the mind - one of the four
in the Lotus sùtra.
Ý căn.
Manindriyà (S). Mind faculty, mind sense, the sixth
of the senses.
Ý địa. The stage
of intellectual conscioueness, being the sixth
vijnàna, the source of all concepts.
Ý giải.
Intellectual explanation; liberation of the mind, or
thought.
Ý giới.
Manodhàtu (S). The realm of mind.
Ý học. Mental
learning, learning by meditation rather than from
books.
Ý kiến.
Thoughts, ideas, concepts, views.
Ý lực. Mental
power or intention; the purpose to attain bodhi or
enlightenment.
Ý lạc. Joy of
the mind, the mind satisfied and joyful.
Manobhiràma, the realm foretold for Maudgalyàyana
as a Buddha.
Ý mã. The mind
as a horse, ever running from one thing to another.
Ý mã tâm viên.
The mind like a horse and the heart like a monkey -
restless and intractable.
Ý nghiệp. The
function of mind or thought, one of the Tam nghiệp
thought, word, deed.
Ý ngôn. Mental
words, words within the intellectual consciousness;
thought and words.
Ý niệm vãng sinh.
By thought and remembrance or invocation of
Amitàbha to enter into his Pure Land.
Ý sinh thân.
Manomaya (S). A body mentally produced, or produced
at will.
Ý tam. The three
evils which belong to intellect: tham lobha, desire;
sân dvesa, dislike; si moha, delusion.
Ý٠thành.
Mentally evolved, or evolved at will.
Ý thành thiên.
Devas independent from the nourishment of the realms
of form and formlessness, who live onlyin the realm
of mind.
Ý thú. The
direction of the mind, or will.
Ý thủy. The mind
or will to become calm as still water, on entering
samàdhi.
Ý thức.
Manovijnàna (S). The faulty of mind, one of the six
vijnànas.
Ý viên. The mind
as intractable as a monkey.
Ý xa. The mind
vehicle, the vehicle of intellectual consciousness,
the imagination.
Ý xứ. The
mind-sense, the mind, the sixth of the six senses.
Ỷ. A kind of
open-work variegated silk.
Ỷ ngữ. Sexual
talk; improper remarks.
Yếm, Yểm.
Satiated; weary of; disgusted with. Also Chán.
Yếm li. To weary
of the world and abandon it. Also Chán ghét.
Yếm li thực
tưởng.
Yếm nhân.
Misanthrope.
Yếm thế. Weary
of the world; to renounce the world.
Yến tịch. Silent,
quiet.
Yến tọa. Sitting
silently.
Yết ma. Karmadana
(S).
Yêu đạo.
Mazdeism.
Yêu thần.
Ahura-Mazda.
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Cập nhật: 01-08-2001