T
(tiếp theo)
Thất thánh tài.
Saptadhana (S).Tín, faith; Giới, observance of
the commandments; Tàm, shame (for self); Quí,
shame (for others); Đa văn, hearing instruction;
Trí tuệ, wisdom; Xả li, renunciation.
Thất thắng sự.
The seven surpassing qualities of a Buddha. Also
thất chủng vô thượng. They are his body or
person, his universal law, wisdom, perfection,
destination (nirvàna), ineffable truth, and
deliverance.
Thất thất. The
period of forty nine days after death, when masses
are said every seventh day till the seventh seventh
day.
Thất thập.
Saptati (S). Seventy.
Thất thập ngũ.
Pancasaptati (S). Seventy-five.
Thất thập ngũ
pháp. The seventy-five dharmas of the
Abhidharma-Kosa, which classifies all phenomena under
seventy-five categories, or elements, divided into
five groups: (1) Sắc pháp rùpani, material, 11;
(2) Tâm pháp cittam, mind,1; (3) Tâm sở
hữu pháp, citta-samprayuktasamskàràh, mental
qualities, 46; (4) Tâm bất tương ưng hành
pháp citta-vipravuktasamskàrah, non mental, 14;
(5) Vô vi pháp asamskrta, non phenomenal
elements, 3.
Thất thập tam tôn.
The "Diamond world" mandala, or pantheon,
of the esoteric sect, containing seventy three
honoured ones.
Thất thiện. The
seven excellences claimed for the Buddha's teaching:
good in its thời timing or seasonableness, nghĩa
meaning, ngữ expression, độc pháp uniqueness,
cụ túc completeness, thanh tịnh điều nhu pure
adaptability, and phạm hạnh its noble objective,
nirvàna.
Thất tình. The
seven emotions: hỉ pleasure; nộ anger; ái love;
ố hate; ai sorrow; dục desire; lạc joy.
Thất tông. The
seven Japanese sects of Luật Ritsu (J), Pháp
tướng Hossò, Tam luận Sanron, Hoa nghiêm
Kegon, Thiên thai Tendai, Chân ngôn Shingon,
and Thiền Zen.
Thất trí. The
seven knowins - to know the Law, its meaning, the
times for all duties, moderation, oneself, the
different classes of people, and people as
individual.
Thật. Real, true,
honest, sincere; solid; fixed; full; to fill; fruit,
kernel, effects; verily, in fact; it is used for
chân as in chân thật the supreme fact, or
ultimate reality; also for bhùta.
Thật báo độ.
The land of Buddha-reward in Reality free from all
barriers, that of the bodhisattva, the third of the
four lands of Thiên Thai. A Buddha ksetra.
Thật đại thừa
giáo. The real Mahàyàna, freed from
temporal, relative or expedient ideas; the Thiên
Thai, Hoa Nghiêm, Thiền, Chân ngôn schools
claim to be such.
Thật đạo. The
true way, the true religion, absolute Buddha-truth.
Thật đế. A
truth; the true statement of a fundamental principle.
Thật giáo. The
teaching of Reality; also the real, or reliable
teaching.
Thật hóa. The
real or noumenal Buddha as contrasted with quyền
hóa the temporal or phenomenal Buddha; the thật
hóa nhị thân are his báo thân sambhogakàya
and his hóa thân nirmànakàya.
Thật không.
Absolute sùnya, or vacuity; all things being
produced by cause and environment are unreal.
Thật kinh. The
true sùtra as contrasted to the relative or
temporary sùtras, a term of the Lotus school.
Thật ngã. The
true ego, in contrast with giả ngã phenomenal
ego.
Thật ngữ. True,
or reliable words; words corresponding to reality;
discussions of Reality.
Thật nhãn. An
eye able to discern reality, i.e. the Buddha-eye.
Thật sắc thân.
The real Buddha-body, or his sambhogakàya in
contrast with his nirmànakàya.
Thật tính. Real
nature, or essence, i.e. the chân như
bhùtatathatà.
Thật tế. The
region of Reality.
Thật tế lí địa.
The noumenal universe, the bhùtatathatà.
Thật tướng.
Reality, in contrast with hư vọng; absolute
fundamental reality, the ultimate, the absolute; the
pháp thân dhamakàya, or chân như
bhùtatathatà. Other terms are nhất thật,
nhất như, nhất tướng, vô tướng, pháp
chứng, niết bàn, vô vi, chân đế, chân
tính, chân không, thật tính, thật đế,
thật tế.
Thật tướng ấn.
The seal or witness of reality, which is passed on
from Buddha to Buddha.
Thật tướng quán.
Insight into, or meditation on Reality.
Thật tướng trí
thân. The body of absolute, knowledge or of
complete knowledge of reality, i.e. that of
Vairocana.
Thật tướng tuệ.
Wisdom in regard to reality.
Thật tướng pháp
giới. The first half is a Lotus sùtra term
for Reality, the latter half a Hoa Nghiêm term for
the same.
Thật tướng tam
muội. The samàdhi of reality, in which the
unreality of the phenomenal is realized.
Thật tướng vô
tướng. Reality is Nullity, i.e. is devoid of
phenomenal characteristics, unconditioned.
Thật trí. The
knowledge or wisdom of Reality in contrast with
quyền trí knowledge of the relative.
Thật xoa nan đà.
Siksànanda (S). A sramana of Kustana (Khotan) who
in A.D. 695 introduced a new alphabet into China and
translated nineteen works.
Thế. Yuga (S). An
age, 1,000th part of a kalpa. Loka (S). The world.
Thế anh. World
hero, like Buddha. Also Thế hùng.
Thế đại. A
generation, a life time; the world.
Thế đế.
Ordinary or worldly truth, opposite to Chân đế
truth in reality. Also Tục đế, Thế tục
đế.
Thế đệ nhất
pháp. The highest of the Tứ gia hạnh vị.
Thế điển.
Non-Buddhist classical works.
Thế gian. The
world; in the world; the finite impermanent world.
Also Thế giới..
Thế gian giải.
Lokavid (S). Knower of the World, one of the ten
titles of a Buddha.
Thế gian nhãn.
The Eye of the world, the eyes that see for all men.
Worldly or ordinary eyes. Also Thế nhãn.
Thế gian pháp.
The world-law, or law of this world, especially of
birth and death.
Thế gian thừa.
The Vehicle, or teaching for the attainment of good
fruit in the present life, in contrast with Xuất
thế gian thừa that for attainment in lives
outside this world.
Thế gian trí.
Wordly knowledge.
Thế gian tướng
thường trụ. World-forms, systems, or states
are eternal (as existing in the Absolute, the chân
như).
Thế giới. Loka
(S). The finite world, the world, a world, which is
of two kinds: (1) Chúng sinh thế giới, that of
the living, who are receiving their chính báo
correct recompense of karma; (2) Khí thế giới,
that of the material, or that on which karma depends
for expression.
Thế giới chủ.
The lord, or ruler over a world or dhyàna heaven,
one for each of the four dhyàna heavens.
Thế giới tất
đàn. One of the four siddhantas; the Buddha's
line of reasoning in earthly or common terms to draw
men to the higher truth.
Thế Hữu.
Vasumitra (S).
Thế luận. Wordly
discussions; ordinary unenlghtened ways of
description or definition; also styled ác luận
evil discussions, especially when applied to the
hedonistic Lokàyatika teachings.
Thế nhãn. Xem
thế gian nhãn.
Thế pháp. Common
or ordinary dharmas.
Thế Tôn.
Lokajyestha (S). World's most Venerable, World's
Honoured One. World-honoured, an epithet of all
Buddhas.
Thế Thân.
Vasubhandu (S). Also Thiên Thân.
Thế thế sinh sinh.
Transmigration after transmigration in the six stages
of mortal existence.
Thế thiên. The
Lord of the world, Brahmà Phạm thiên; Mahesvara
Đại tự tại thiên; The four mahàrajàs
tứ đại thiên vương. Also thế chủ.
Thế trí. Xem
thế tục trí.
Thế trí biện
thông. Worldly eloquent.
Thế chí Bồ tát.
Xem Đại thế chí Bồ tát.
Thế phát.
Mundaka, munda (S). To shave the hair, following
Sàkyamuni, who cut off his locks with a sharp sword
to signify his cutting himself off the world. Also
Thế trừ tu phát, Cắt tóc cạo râu.
Thế tục. Laukika
(S). Common or ordinary things, custom, experiences,
common or wordly ways (or views).
Thế tục trí.
Ordinary, or worldly knowledge, or wisdom.
Thế Tự tại
Vương. Lokesvararàja (S). A Buddha under whom
Amitàbha, in a previous existence, entered into the
ascetic life and made his forty-eight vows.
Thế y. He on whom
the world relies - Buddha.
Thệ đa lâm.
Jetavana (S)
Thệ nguyện.
Pranidhàna (S). Vow.
Thi. A corpse; to
manage.
Thi ba la mật.
Sìlapàramità (S) Morality, the second of the
pàramitàs.
Thi Ca La Việt.
Sigàlovada (P).
Thi Ca La Việt kinh.
Sigàlovada-sutta (P). Also Thiện sinh kinh.
Thi Khí. Sikkhin
(S). (1) The 999th Buddha of the last kalpa, whom
Sàkyamuni is said to have met. (2) The second of
the seven Buddhas of antiquity.
Thi la. Sìla (S).
Restraint, or keeping the commandments. The second
pàramità, moral purity.
Thi la Ba la mật.
Xem Thi ba la mật.
Thi la bí đà la.
Silabhadra (S). Also Giới Hiền luận sư.
Thi la thanh tịnh.
Moral purity, essential to enter into samàdhi
Thi lợi. Sri (S).
Also sư lợi, thất lợi, thất li, tu lợi;
(1) Fortune, prosperity; high rank, success, good
fortune, virtues. (2) The wife of Visnu. (3) An
honorific prefix or affix to names of gods, great
men, and books. (4) An exclamation at the head of
liturgies. (5) An abbreviation for Manjusri.
Thí. Dàna (S).
Alms; charity. To give, grant, bestow, to distribute.
Also thi.
Thí ân. To grant
s.o. a favour; to do s.o. a kindness. Thi ân bất
cầu báo to do good for its own sake.
Thí ba la mật.
Dàna-pàramità (S).
Thí chủ.
Dànapati (S). An almsgiver, a benefactor, a patron
of Buddhism.
Thí hóa. To
bestow the transforming truth.
Thí pháp. To
dispense the Buddha's teachings.
Thí tăng. To give
alms to monks.
Thí thực. To
bestow food.
Thí vô úy.
Abhayandada (S). The bestower of fearlessness, a
tittle of Quán Âm.
Thị. To indicate,
notify, proclaim.
Thị đạo. To
indicate the Way.
Thị giáo. To
point out and instruct.
Thị hiện. To
appear, to manifest
Thị tịch. To
indicate the way of nirvàna.
Thị giả. A senior
bonze's attendant.
Thích. To separate
out, set free, unloose, explain; Buddhism, Buddhist.
Thích Ca Mâu Ni.
Sàkyamuni (S)
Thích chúng.
Buddhist.
Thích chủng.
Sàkya-seed; the Sàkya clan; the disciples of
Sàkyamuni, especially monks and nuns.
Thích đề hoàn
nhân. Sakro-devànàmindra (S). Sakra the
Indra of the devas, the sky-god, the god of the
nature-gods, ruler of the thirty tree heavens, a deva
protector of Buddhism.
Thích điển. The
scriptures of Buddhism.
Thích gia. The
Sàkya family, i.e. the expounders of Buddhist
sùtras and scriptures.
Thích giáo.
Buddhism.
Thích luận. The
Pràjna-pàramità-sùtra; also explanatory
discussions, or notes on foundation treatises.
Thích Ma Nam.
Sàkya-Mahanama-Kulika (S). One of the first five of
the Buddha's disciples.
Thích môn. The
school of Sàkyamuni, Buddhism.
Thích nghi.
Explanation of doubtful points, solution of doubts.
Thích nữ. The
woman of the Sàkya clan.
Thích tử.
Sàkyaputrìya (S). Sons of Sàkyamuni, i.e. his
disciples in general.
Thích Phạm Hộ
Thế. Indra and Brahma, both protectors of
Buddhism.
Thiên. Heaven; the
sky; a day. A deva or divine being, deity. Tam
chủng thiên, the three classes of devas: (1) Danh
thiên, famous rulers on earth styled thiên
vương, thiên tử; (2) Sinh thiên, the highest
incarnations of the six paths; (3) Tịnh thiên, the
pure, or the saints, from sravakas to
pratyekabuddhas. The four classes of devas include
(1),(2),(3) above and (4) Nghĩa thiên, all
bodhisattvas above the ten stages thập trụ. Đệ
nhất nghĩa thiên: a supreme heaven with
bodhisattvas and Buddhas in eternal immutability.
Thiên bộ. The
classes of devas; the host of devas, the host of
heaven.
Thiên bộ thiện
thần. Brahmà, Indra, the Four
Devaloka-ràjas, and the other spirit guardians of
Buddhism.
Thiên cái. A
Buddha's canopy, or umbrella; a nimbus of rays of
light, a halo.
Thiên chân.
Bhùtatathatà (S). Permanent reality underlying
all phenomena, pure and unchanging. e.g. the sea in
contrast with the waves; nature, the natural.
Thiên chân Phật.
The real or ultimate Buddha.
Thiên chúng. The
host of heaven, Brahma, Indra, and all their host.
Thiên chủ.
Devapati (S). The Lord of devas, a tittle of Indra.
Thiên cổ. The
divine drum in the Thiện pháp đường Good Law
Hall of the Trayas-trimsas heavens, which sounds of
itself, warning the inhabitants of the thirty three
heavens that even their life is impermanent and
subject to karma; at the sound of the drum Indra
preaches against excess.
Thiên cơ. Natural
capacity; the nature bestowed by Heaven.
Thiên cung.
Devapura, devaloka (S). The palace of devas, the
abode of the gods.
Thiên cung bảo
tạng. A library of the sùtras. The treasury
of all the sùtras in the Tusita Heaven in
Maitreya's palace. Another collection is said to be
in the Long cung or Dragon's palace, but is
associated with Nagàrjuna.
Thiên đài tông.
Tendai-shu (J). Xem Thiên Thai.
Thiên đại tướng
quân. Deva-guardian.
Thiên đạo.
Devagati, devasopàna (S). The highest of the six
paths lục đạo, the realm of devas, i.e. the
eighteen heavens of form and four of formlessness. A
place of enjoyment but not a place of progress toward
bodhisattva perfection.
Thiên đế. King,
or Emperor of Heaven, i.e. Nhân đà la Indra,
Đế Thích Sakra king of the devaloka.
Thiên đường.
The mansions of the devas, located between the earth
and the Brahmalokas; the heavenly halls; heaven.
Thiên đường địa
ngục. The heavens and the hells, places of
reward or punishment for moral conduct.
Thiên hạnh. A
bodhisattva's natural or spontaneous correspondence
with fundamental law; one of the ngũ hạnh of the
Niết Bàn kinh.
Thiên hạ. The
world; here below; on earth.
Thiên hoa. Divine
flowers, stated in the Lotus sùtra as of four
kinds, mạn đà la mandàras, ma ha mạn đà
la mahàmandàras, mạn thù sa manjùsakas, ma
ha mạn thù sa mahàmanjùsakas, the first two
white, the last two red.
Thiên hương.
Deva incense, divine or excellent incense.
Thiên long. Devas,
including Brahmà, Indra, and the devas, together
with the nàgas.
Thiên long bát bộ.
Devas, nàgas and others of the eight classes:
thiên, devas; long, nàgas; dạ xoa, yaksas;
càn thát bà, gandharas; a tu la, asuras; ca
lâu la, garudas; khẩn na la, kinnaras; ma hầu
la già, mahoragas.
Thiên ma. Deva
Màra (S). One of the four màras tứ ma who
dwells in the sixth heaven, Paranirmita-vasa-vartin,
at the top of the Kàmadhàtu, with his inumerable
host , whence he constantly obstruct the Buddha truth
and its followers. He is also styled Sát giả the
slayer; also Ba tuần explained by ác ái sinful
love or desire as he sends his daughters to seduce
the saints.
Thiên ma ngoại
đạo. Màras and heretics.
Thiên ngữ. The
deva language, i.e. that of the Brahman, Sanskrit.
Thiên nhạc.
Heavenly music, the music of the inhabitants of the
heavens.
Thiên nhãn.
Divyacaksus (S). The deva-eye; the first of abhijnà
lục thông; one of the five classes of eyes;
divine sight unlimited vision; all things are open to
it, large and small, near and distant, the destiny of
all beings in future rebirths.
Thiên nhãn lực.
The power of the celestial or deva eye, one of the
ten powers of a Buddha.
Thiên nhãn minh.
One of the three enlightenments tam minh, or clear
vision of the saints, which enables him to know the
future rebirths of himselfand all beings.
Thiên nhãn thông.Diviyacaksu
(S). Divine eye.
Thiên nhãn trí
thông nguyện. The sixth of Amitàbha's forty
eight vows, that he would not enter the final stage
until all beings had obtained this divine vision.
Thiên nhãn trí.
The wisdom obtained by the deava eye.
Thiên nhãn trí
chứng thông. The complete universal
knowledge and assurance of the deva eye.
Thiên nhân.
Devas and men.
Thiên nhân sư.
Sasta Devamanusyànàm (S). Teacher of devas and
men, one of the ten epithet of a Buddha.
Thiên nữ.
Devakanyà, apsaras (S). Goddess in general.
Thiên nhĩ.
Divyasrotra (S). Deva ear, divine ear; celestial ear.
Thiên nhĩ thông.
The second of the abhijnàs lục thông, by which
devas in the form-world, certain arhats through the
fourth dhyàna, and others can hear all sounds and
understand all languages in the realm of form, with
resulting wisdom.
Thiên nhĩ trí
chứng thông. The complete universal
knowledge and assurance of the deva ear.
Thiên nhĩ trí
thông nguyện. The seventh of the forty eight
vows of Amitàbha, not to become Buddha until all
obtained the divine ear.
Thiên sứ.
Divine messengers, especially those of Yama; also his
tam thiên sứ old age, sickness and death.
Thiên Thai đại sư.
The actual founder of the Thiên Thai school, Trí
Khải.
Thiên Thai tông.
The T'ien T'ai or Tendai sect đounded by Trí
Khải. It bases its tenets on the Lotus sùtra.
Thiên Thai Trí Giả.
Trí Khải, his tự is Đức An and his surname
is Trần, AD 538-597. Studying under Huệ Tư, he
was greatly influenced by his teaching; and found in
the Lotus sùtra, the real interpretation of
Mahàyànism. In 575 he first came to Thiên Thai
Sơn or Heavenly Terrace mountain and establish his
school, which in turn was the foundation of important
Buddhist shools in Korea and Japan.
Thiên Thân.
Vasubandhu, younger brother of Asanga, wrote Câu
Xá Luận, Duy Thức Luận, etc. He was the
twenty first Indian patriarch.
Thiên thần.
Deva, Devatà (S). (1) Brahmà and the gods in
genaral, including the inhabitants of the devalokas,
all sbject to metempsychosis; (2) The fifteenth
patriarch, disciple of Nàgàrjuna, also styled
Devabodhisattva Đề Bà Bồ tát, Aryadeva
Thánh Thiên and Nilanetra Thanh Mục blue eyed.
Thiên thần địa
kì. The spirits Thiên thần are Indra and his
retenue; devas in general; and Địa kì are the
earth spirits, nàgas, demons, ghosts, etc.
Thiên thụ vương.
The pàrijàta tree ba lợi chất đa, which
grows in front of Indra's palace - the king among the
heavenly tree.
Thiên thực.
Sudhà (S). Food of the gods, sweet dew, ambrosia,
nectar.
Thiên thừa
(thặng). Devayàna (S). The deva vehicle, one
of the five vehicles. It transports observers of the
ten good qualities thập thiện to one ođ the six
deva realms of desire.
Thiên thượng.
The heavens above.
Thiên thượng
thiên hạ duy ngã độc tôn. The first
words attributed to Sàkyamuni after his first seven
steps when born from his mother's right side:
"In the heavens above and (earth) beneath I
alone is the honoured one." This announcement is
ascribed to every Buddha.
Thiên tiên.
Deva-rsis (S). Immortals.
Thiên trung thiên.
Devàtideva (S). Deva of devas, the name given to
Siddhartha when, on his presentation in the temple of
Thiên Vương Mahesvara (Siva), the statues of all
the gods prostrated themselves before him.
Thiên trúc.
India.
Thiên tôn. The
most honoured among devas, a tittle of a Buddha, i.e.
the highest of divine beings.
Thiên từ.
Devàlaya, Devatàgàra (S). Brahminical temples.
Thiên tử. A son
of Heavens, the Emperor-Princes.
Thiên vương.
Maharàja devas (S). Tứ thiên vương,
Catur-mahàràja, The four deva kings in the first
or lowest devakoka, on its four sides. East Trì
quốc Thiên vương Dhrtaràstra; South Tăng
trưởng Thiên vương, Virùdhaka; West Quảng
mục
Thiên vương.
Virùpaksa; North Đa văn Thiên vương,
Dhanada, or Vaisravana, as guardians of the
monasteries, where their images are seen in the hall
at the entrance, which is sometimes called Thiên
vương đường, hall of the deva kings.
Thiên vương Như
lai. Deva-ràja Tathàgata (S). The name by
which Devadatta, the enemy of Sàkyamuni, will be
known on his future appearance as a Buddha in the
universe called Thiên Đạo Devasopàna.
Thiên y. Deva
garments of extreme lightness.
Thiên thủ thiên
nhãn Quán thế âm.
Sahasrabhùjàriy-Avalokitesvara (S).
Avalokitesvara with a thousand hands and a thousand
eyes.
Thiền. To level a
place for an altar, to sacrifice to the hills and
mountains; to abdicate. Adopted by Buddhists for
dhyàna thiền na, i.e. meditation, abstraction,
trance. Dhyàna is "meditation, thought,
reflection, especially profound and abstract
religious contemplation". It was intp. as
"getting rid of evil" , etc., later as
tĩnh lự quiet meditation. It is a form of Định
but that word is more closely allied with samàdhi.
Thiền ba la mật.
Dhyàna-paramita (S). Perfection of the meditation.
Thiền bệnh. The
ills of meditation, i.e. wandewing thoughts,
illusions. The illusions and nervous troubles of the
mystic.
Thiền cư. A
meditation abode; to dwell in meditation; a
hermitage; a hermit monk.
Thiền duyệt. Joy
of the mystic trance; joy derived from meditation.
Thiền duyệt thực.
Nourishing powers from meditation.
Thiền định. One
of the six pàramitàs. There are numerous methods
and subjects of meditation. Thiền is dhyàna,
Định is an interpretation of samàdhi. Thiền is
one element of định, which covers the whole ground
of meditation, concentration abstraction, reaching to
the ultimate beyond emotion or thinking.
Thiền độ.
Dhyana-paramita (S). Xem thiền ba la mật.
Thiền đường.
Meditation hall of Thiền tông. A common name of
the monastic hall.
Thiền giáo. The
teaching of Thiền tông. Also thiền the esoteric
tradition and giáo the teaching of the scriptures.
Thiền hà. The
dhyàna river.
Thiền hành. The
methods employed in meditation; the practices or
discipline of Thiền tông. Zen sect.Walking
meditation.
Thiền hóa. The
transforming character of Thiền.
Thiền học. Zen
study.
Thiền lạc. Joy
and peace of the abstract meditation.
Thiền lâm. Grove
of meditation, i.e. a monastery. Monasteries are
numerous as trees in a forest.
Thiền lục. The
records of Thiền tông.
Thiền lữ.
Fellow-meditators; fellow-monks.
Thiền môn. The
meditative method in general. The intuitional school
established in China by Bodhidharma.
Thiến môn ngũ
tông. Five Ch'an schools: Lâm tế, Qui
ngưỡng, Vân môn, Pháp nhãn and Tào
động.
Thiền môn qui củ.
The monastic routine.
Thiền na. Dhyàna
(S). Abstract contemplation.
Thiền Phạm Thiên.
The three Brahmaloka heavens of the first dhyàna.
Thiền pháp.
Methods of meditation.
Thiền quyền. The
meditation fist (musti), the sign of meditation shown
by the left fist, the right indicating wisdom.
Thiền quán.
Dhyàna-contemplation.
Thiền sư. A
master, or teacher, of meditation, or of Thiền
tông.
Thiền tam muội.
Dhyàna and samàdhi, dhyàna considered as tư
duy meditating, samàdhi as định abstraction.
Thiền tăng. A
monk of Thiền tông Ch'an sect; a monk in
meditation.
Thiền tâm. The
mind in a state of abstraction.
Thiền tập. The
practice of meditation; the practice of religion
through the mystic trance.
Thiền thất.
Meditation hall or room; other similar terms are
thiền quán, thiền phòng, thiền viện,
thiền đường, thiền cư.
Thiền tĩnh. Meditation
and quietness.
Thiền tông. Zen
Buddhism.
Thiền tuệ.
Dhyàna and Wisdom.
Thiền tủy. The
marrow of meditation - a term for the Lankavatara
sùtra.
Thiền tọa. To
sit cross-legged in meditation.
Thiền tông. The
Ch'an, meditative or intuitional sect, usually said
to have been established in China by Bodhidharma, the
twenty eighth patriarch, who brought the tradition of
the Buddha-mind from India. This sect, believing in
direct enlightenment, disregarded ritual and sùtras
and depended upon the inner light and personal
influence for the propagation of its tenets.
Thiền tông ngữ
lục. Records of the Zen sect.
Thiền thiên.
Dhyàna heavens, four in numbers. where those who
practise meditation may be reborn.
Thiền trí.
Meditation and wisdom.
Thiền trượng.
A staff or pole for touching those who fall asleep
while assembled in meditation. Bonze's crosier.
Thiền vị.
Meditation flavour; the mysterious taste or sensation
experienced by one who enters abstract mediatation.
Thiện. Su,
sàdhu, bhadra, kusala (S). Good, virtuous, well;
good at; skilful.
Thiện ác. Good
and evil; good, inter alia, is defined as thuận lí
to accord with the right, evil as nghịch lí to
disobey the right.
Thiện bản. Good
stock, or roots, planting good seed or roots; good in
the root of enlightenment.
Thiện căn.
Kusala-mùla (S). Good roots, good qualities, good
seed sown by a good life to be reaped later.
Thiện đạo. Good
way, good direction.
Thiện đức.
Morality, virtue.
Thiện giả thiện
báo. A good turn deserves another.
Thiện Giác Vương.
King Suppabuddha, father of the princess Yasodhara.
Thiện hạnh. Good
deed, virtuous act.
Thiện Hỉ.
Upananda (S). Name
Thiện Hiền.
Subhadra (S). The last disciple of the Buddha. Also
Tu bạt đà la.
Thiện Hiện.
Well-appearing, name of Subhùti.
Thiện hiện thiên.
Sudrsa (S). The seventh Brahmaloka; the eighth region
of the fourth dhyàna.
Thiện hữu.
Kalyànamitra (S). A friend of virtue, a religious
counseller; a friend in the good life, or one who
stimulates to goodness.
Thiện Kiến.
Sudarsana (S). Good to see, good for seeing, belle
vue, etc. Another name of A xà thế Ajatasatru.
Thiện Kiến thiên.
Sudarsana (S). A heaven of the fourth dhyàna in the
Realm of Form.
Thiện kiếp.
Bhadrakalpa (S). A good kalpa, especially that in
which we now live.
Thiện lai.
Svàgata, susvàgata (S). "Welcome"; well
come, a title of Buddha.
Thiện nam. Xem Ưu
bà tắc.
Thiện nam tử.
Good sons, or sons of good families. one of the
Buddha's term of address to his disciples, somewhat
resembling "gentlemen".
Thiện nam tín nữ.
Good men and believing women.
Thiện nghiệp.
Punyakarma (S). Meritorious action. Also Nghiệp
lành.
Thiện ngôn. Good
word.
Thiện Nha.
Sudàna (S). A former name of the Buddha. Also Tô
đạt nã.
Thiện nhân. A
good man, especially one who believes in Buddhist
ideas of causality and lives a good life.
Thiện nhân. Good
causation, i.e. a good cause for a good effect.
Thiện nữ. Xem
Ưu bà di.
Thiện pháp.
Kusala-dharma (S). Meritorious action, good dharma.
Thiện quả. Good
fruit from thiện nhân; good fortune in life
resulting from previous goodness.
Thiện Sinh.
Sujàta (S). Well born, of high birth. Also
Susambhava, a former incarnation of Sàkyamuni.
Thiện Sinh kinh.
Sigàlovàda-sutta (P). Name of a sùtra. Also Thi
ca la việt kinh.
Thiện tai. Sàdhu
(S). Good! Excellent!
Thiện Tài Đồng
tử. Sudhana (S). A disciple mentioned in the
Hoa Nghiêm Kinh.
Thiện tâm. A
good heart, or mind.
Thiện Thí.
Sudatta (S). Name. Also Tô đạt đa.
Thiện tính. Good
nature, good in nature, or in fundamental quality.
Thiện thần. The
good devas, or spirits, who protect Buddhism.
Thiện theä.
Sugata (S). Well departed, gone as he should go; a
tittle of Buddha.
Thiện tri.
Vibhàvana (S). Clear and deep understanding.
Thiện tri thức.
A good friend or intimate, one well known and
intimate.
Thiện tuệ địa.
Sàdhumati (S)
Thiện tú (túc).
Abiding in goodness, disciples who keep eight
commandments, upavasatha, posadha.
Thiện vô lậu
pháp. Kusalanàsravàh (S). Good things free
from evil flowings
Thiện Vô úy.
Subhàkarasimha (S). A famous Indian monk, came to
China in 716 to propagate the Esoteric Buddhism.
Thiện xảo.
Clever, skilful, adroit, apt.
Thiện xứ. Good
abode, realm.
Thiết vi sơn. The
great circular iron enclosure.
Thiệt. Jihvà
(S). The tongue.
Thiệt căn. The
organ of taste.
Thiệt thức.
Tongue-perception.
Thiệt tướng.
The broad, long tongue of a Buddha, one of the thirty
two physical signs.
Thiếu lâm tự.
Shao lin (C). The monastery at Thiếu thất, where
Bodhidharma sat with his face to a wall for nine
years.
Thiếu thất.
Shao-shih (C). A hill on the Tung Sơn where
Bodhidharma set up his Thiếu lâm tự.
Thiếu thất lục
môn. Six brief treatises attributed to
Bodhidharma.
Thiểu. Few.
Thiểu dục tri túc.
Content with few desires.
Thiểu quang thiên.
Parittàbha (P). A heaven.
Thiểu tịnh thiên.
Parittasubhas (S). The first and smallest heaven in
the third dhyàna region of form.
Thính. To hear,
listen, hearken; listen to, obey.
Thính giáo. Those
who hear the Buddha's doctrine; those who obey.
Thính kinh. To hear
the recitation of the scripture.
Thọ mệnh.
Jìvita (S). Span of life, life.
Thoái. Retire,
withdraw, backslide, recede, yield.
Thoái chuyển. To
withdraw and turn back i.e. from any position
attained.
Thoái đại. To
backslide from Mahàyàna (and revert to
Hìnayàna)
Thoái định. To
backslide from meditation.
Thoái một. To be
reborn in a lower stage of existence.
Thoái sơ tâm.
To recede the initial mind.
Thoại đầu. Xem
công án.
Thoát khỏi.
Vivarjana (S). Abandoning, abstainimg from.
Thô. Sthàla (S).
Coarse, rough, crude, unrefined, immature.
Thô ác ngữ.
Coarse, evil, slanderous language
Thô ác uyển.
The rough and evil park, one of Indra's four parks,
that of armaments and war.
Thô ngôn.
Coarse, crude, rough, immature words or talk.
Thô ngữ. Coarse
language.
Thô tướng. The
six grosser or cruder form of enlightenment or
ignorance mentioned in the Khởi tín luận in
contrast with its three finer forms.
Thô nhân. The
immature man of Hìnayàna, who has a rough
foundation, in contrast with the mature or refined
tế nhân man of Mahàyàna. Thiên Thai Tông
applied thô to the Tạng, Thông, Biệt schools,
reseving tế for the Viên school.
Thô tướng.
Crude appearance, unrefined manifestation.
Thố giác.
Sasa-visàna (S). A rabbit's horns, i.e. the non
existent; all phenomena are as unreal as a rabbit's
horns.
Thốc. Bald. Thốc
cư sĩ. Thốc nhân. A monk, sometimes used as a
term of abuse.
Thông. Permeate,
pass through, pervade; perceive; know thoroughly;
communicate; current; free; without hindrance,
unimpeded, universal, e.g. thần thông
supernatural, ubiquitous powers. There are categories
of ngũ thông, lục thông and thập thông,
all referring to supernatural powers.
Thông biệt nhị
tự. The general and specific introduction to a
sùtra; như thị ngã văn being the thông
tự general introduction in every sùtra.
Thông đạt. To
pervade, perceive; unimpeded, universal.
Thông đạt tâm.
To attain to the enlightened mind; the stage of one
who has passed through the novitiate and understand
the truth.
Thông giáo.
Thiên Thai classified Buddhist schools into four
periods tạng, thông, biệt, and viên. The
tạng pitaka school was that of Hìnayàna. The
thông interrelated or intermediate school, was the
first stage of Mahàyàna, having in it elements of
all the three vehicles. The biệt is separate, or
differentiated Mahàyàna teaching. The viên is
full-orbed, complete, or perfect Mahàyàna. The
Thông Giáo held the doctrine of the Void, but had
not arrived at the doctrine of the Mean.
Thông hành. The
thoroughfare, or path which leads to nirvàna.
Thông hóa.
Perpicacious, or influential teaching; universal
powers of teaching.
Thông hoặc. The
two all-pervading deluders kiến and tư, seeing and
thinking wrongly, i.e. taking appearance for reality.
Thông huyền. To
see through the mysteries (of nature, etc.)
Thông lợi.
Intelligence keen as a blade, able to penetrate
truth.
Thông lực. The
capacity to employ supernatural powers without
hindrance. Buddhas, bodhisattvas, etc., have thần
lực spiritual or transcendent power; demons have
nghiệp lực power acquired through their karma.
Thông minh tuệ.
The six thông, three minh and three tuệ.
Thông tuệ.
Supernatural powers and wisdom, the former being
based on the latter.
Thờ phụng.
Apacàyana (P). Worship, reverence. Also Kính lễ.
Thời gian. Kala
(S). Time. Also Thật thời.
Thời luân giáo.
Kàlacakra-Tantra (S). Name of a sect.
Thời tiết.
Samaya (S). Time, Season. Also Giả thời.
Thù. To kill,
exterminate; different; very.
Thù diệu thân.
Surpassingly wonderful body, i.e. Padmottara, the
729th Buddha of the present kalpa.
Thù đặc.
Particular, very special.
Thù thắng. Rare,
extraordinary, surpassing, as the thù thắng
điện and trì surpassing palace and lake of Indra.
Thủ. Head.
Thủ đà. Sùdra
(S). The fourth of the four castes, peasants.
Thủ đồ đà na.
Suddhodana (S). Xem Tịnh Phạn Vương.
Thủ hộ đại
thiên quốc độ kinh.
Mahàsahasrapramardana (S). Name of a sùtra.
Thủ lăng già ma.
Surangama (S). Also Thủ lăng nghiêm.
Thủ lăng nghiêm.
Suramgama (S). Heroic, resolute; the virtue or power
which enables a Buddha to overcome every obstacle,
obtained in the Thủ lăng nghiêm định or tam
muội.
Thủ lăng nghiêm
định. Suramgama dhyàna or samàdhi.
Thủ lăng Nghiêm
kinh. Suramgama-sùtra (S).
Thủ lăng nghiêm
tam muội. Xem thủ lăng nghiêm định.
Thủ tọa. The
chief seat, president, chief.
Thủ. Upàdàna
(S). To grasp, hold on to, held by, be attached to,
love; used as indicating both ái love or desire and
phiền não the vexing passions and illusions. It
is one of the twelve nidànas thập nhị nhân
duyên the grasping at or holding on to
self-existence and things.
Thủ ấn.
Mudràhasta (S). Mystic positions of the hand (to
make a seal).
Thủ khẩu ý tương
ưng. In Yoga practices, it means correspondance
of hand, mouth, and mind, i.e. manual signs, esoteric
words, and thought or mental projection.
Thủ kim cương
chử. Vajrapàni (S). Who holds the
thunderbolt. Also Cầm chày kim cương.
Thủ trước, To
grasp, hold on to, or be held by any thing or idea.
Thủ tướng. The
state of holding to the illusions of life as
realities,
Thủ tướng sám.
To hold repentance before the mind until the sign of
Buddha's presence annihilates the sin.
Thủ uẩn. The
skandhas which give rise to grasping or desire, which
in turn produces the skandhas.
Thụ (Thọ).
Vedanà (S). To receive, be, bear. Perception,
knowledge obtained by the senses, feeling, sensation.
Thụ báo. Receive
the retribution, the reward.
Thụ cụ. To
receive the entire precepts.
Thụ dụng.
Received for use.
Thụ dụng độ.
The realm of Sambhogakayà.
Thụ dụng thân.
The Sambhogakàya, i.e. the functioning glorious
body, tự thụ dụng for a Buddha's own use, or
bliss; tha thụ dụng for the spiritual benefit of
others.
Thụ giả. The
recipient (e.g. of the rules). The illusory view that
the ego will receive reward or punishment in a future
life.
Thụ giới. To
receive or accept the commandments, or rules.
Thụ hưởng.
Sambhoga (S). Enjoyment.
Thụ kí. To
receive from a Buddha predestination (to become a
Buddha); the prophecy of a bodhisattva's future
Buddhahood. Also thụ quyết, thụ biệt.
Thụ nghiệp.
Duties of the receiver of the rules; also to receive
the results or karma of one's deeds.
Thụ quyết.
Buddha's prediction. Also thụ kí.
Thụ trì. To
receive and retain, or hold on to, or keep (the
Buddha's teaching).
Thụ tuế. To
receive, or add, a year to his monastic age, on the
conclusion of the summer's retreat.
Thụ, Tưởng,
Hành, Thức. The four immaterial skandhas:
vedanà feeling, samjnà ideation, samskàra
reaction, vijnàna consciousness.
Thụ uẩn.
Vedanà (S). Sensation, one of the five skandhas.
Thụ. Vrksa (S). A
tree; to stand, erect, establish.
Thụ đề. Tejas
(S). Fire.
Thụ vương. King
of the trees, the Bodhi-tree.
Thuấn nhã.
Sùnya (S). Emptiness. Also không.
Thuấn nhã đa.
Sùnyatà (S). State of Emptiness, state of being
devoid. Không.
Thuần.
One-coloured, unadulterated, pure, sincere.
Thuần Đà. Cunda
(S). Who is believed to have supplied Sàkyamuni
with his last meal.
Thuần khiết.
Parisuddhi (S). Purity. Also trong sạch.
Thuần nhất.
Pure, unmixed, solely, simply, entirely.
Thuận. Accord
with, comply, yield, obey, agreeable.
Thuận hạ phần
kết. The five ties in the lower realm, which
hold the individual in the realms of desire, i.e.
desire, resentment, egoism, false tenets and doubt.
Thuận hóa. To
accord with one's lessons; to follow the customs; to
die.
Thuận lưu. Going
with the stream, i.e. of transmigration, customs,
etc.
Thuận nhẫn. The
third of the five bodhisattva stages of endurance,
i.e. from the fourth to sixth stage.
Thuận phận. To
follow out one's duties; to accord with one's
calling; to carry out the line of bodhisattva
progress according to plan.
Thuận thế. To
accord with the world, its way and customs; to die.
Thuận thứ.
According to order or rank, one after another, the
next life in Paradise to follow immediately after
this without intervening stages.
Thuận thượng
phần kết. The five ties in the higher realm
which hold the individual in the realms of form and
formless: desire for form, desire for formlessness,
restlessness, pride and ignorance.
Thuật sĩ.
Magician, prestidigitator.
Thuốc. Bhaisajya
(S). Medecine, medicament, remedy. Also dược.
Thủy. Jala (S).
Water; liquid.
Thủy ba. Waves of
water; the wave and the water are two yet one - an
illustration of the identity of differences.
Thủy đại.
Apo-dhàtu (S). Water element, one of the four
elements tứ đại.
Thủy định. The
water dhyàna, in which one becomes identified with
water, for during the period of trance one may become
water.
Thủy luân. The
third of the four "wheels" on which the
earth rests - space, wind (or air), water and metal.
Thủy luân tam
muội. The samàdhi of the above water wheel,
one of the ngũ luân tam muội; water is
fertilizing and soft, in like manner the effect of
this samàdhi is the fertilizing of good roots, and
the softening or reduction of ambition and pride.
Thủy lục trai.
The festival of water and land, attributed to Vũ
Đế of the Lương dynasty consequent on a dream;
it began with placing food in the water for water
sprites, and on land for ghosts.
Thủy mạt, Bào,
Diệm. Spume, bubbles and flame, e.g. that all
is unreal and transient.
Thủy nguyệt.
Udakacandra (S). The moon reflected in the water,
i.e. all is illusory and unreal.
Thủy nhũ. Water
and milk - an illustration of the intermingling of
things; but their essential separateness is
recognized in that the ràja-hamsa (a kind of goose)
is said to be able to drink up the milk leaving
behind the water.
Thủy quán. Xem
thủy định. Also thủy tưởng, thủy
tưởng quán.
Thủy Quán âm.
Quán âm gazing at the moon in the water.
Thủy tai. The
calamity of water, or flood; one of the three final
world catastrophes of fire, wind and water, tam tai.
Thủy táng.
Water-burial, casting a corpse into the water, one of
the four forms of burial địa, thủy, hỏa,
điểu táng.
Thủy thiên.
Varuna (S). The heavens, or the sky, where are clouds
and dragons.
Thủy thiên Phật.
The 743rd Buddha of the present universe.
Thủy thượng bào.
A bubble on the water, emblem of all things being
transient.
Thủy tịnh.
Cleansed by water; edibles recovered from flowing
water are "clean" food to a monk.
Thủy trung nguyệt.
Jalacandra (S). The moon's reflexion on the water.
Thủy trần. An
atom of dust wandering freely in water - one of the
smallest of things.
Thủy. Beginning,
first, initial, thereupon.
Thủy chung.
Beginning and end
Thủy giác.
Initial knowledge. Xem Bản giác.
Thụy miên.
Styàna-middha (S). Sloth-torpor
Thuyền. Boat,
junk, ship, vessel. Buddha's Teaching.
Thuyền sư.
Ship-master, skipper. Buddha.
Thuyết. To speak,
say, talk, discourse, expound; speech, etc.
Thuyết chuyển bộ.
Samkràntivàdin (S). Name of a sect.
Thuyết độ bộ.
Xem Kinh lượng bộ.
Thuyết giả bộ.
Prajnàptivàdinah (S). A branch of
Màhàsanghikàh, which took the view of
phenomenality and reality.
Thuyết giảng.
Desanà (S). To preach.
Thuyết giới.
The bi-monthly reading of the prohibitions for the
order and of mutual confession.
Thuyết kinh. To
expound the sùtra.
Thuyết mặc.
Speech and silence.
Thuyết nhân bộ.
Hetuvàdinah (S). Idem Sarvàstivàdàh.
Thuyết nhất thiết
hữu bộ. Sarvàstivàdàh (S). The
realistic school.
Thuyết pháp.
Dharma-desanà (S). To tell or expound the law, or
doctrine; to preach. Also Giảng đạo, Pháp
thí.
Thuyết sự luận.
Kathàvatthu (P). Book of controversies.
Thuyết thị. To
tell and indicate.
Thuyết Thị.
Asvajit (S). One of the five first disciples of the
Buddha. Also Mã Thắng, Mã Sư.
Thuyết thông. To
expound thoroughly, penetrative exposition.
Thuyết tội. To
confess sin or wrong doing.
Thuyết xuất thế
bộ. Lokottaravàdinah (S). A branch of the
Màhàsanghikàh, which held the view that all in
the world is merely phenomenal and that reality
exists outside it. Also Xuất thế bộ, Lư câu
đa bà thi bộ.
Thứ đệ.
Vihàrapàla (S). Keeper of the pagoda. Also Bà
la. Xem Duy na.
Thừa (thặng).
Yana (S). A vehicle, wain, any means of conveyance; a
term applied to Buddhism as carrying men to
salvation.
Thức. Vijnàna
(S). Consciousness; mind; perception.
Thức ảo. The
illusion of perception, or mind.
Thức ăn.
Ahàra (S). Food, nutriment.
Thức biến.
Mental changes, i.e. all transformations or
phenomenal changes, are mental, a term of the Pháp
tướng school.
Thức căn.
Ajnendriya (S). Faculty of knowledge.
Thức chủ. The
lord of the intellect, the mind, the
àlaya-vijnàna as discriminator.
Thức giới.
Vijnàna-dhàtu (S). The elements of consciousness,
the realm of mind, the sphere of mind, mind as a
distinct realm.
Thức hải. The
ocean of mind, i.e. the bhùtatathatà as the store
of all mind.
Thức lãng. The
waves or nodes of particularized discernment,
produced on the bhùtatathatà considered as the
sea of mind.
Thức tâm. The
percaption mind.
Thức túc mệnh
thông. Pùva-nivàsànusmrti-jnàna (S).
Knowledge of all forms of previous existence of
oneself and others.
Thức thực.
Spiritual food, mental food, by which are kept alive
the devas of the formless realms and the dwellers in
the hells.
Thức uẩn.
Vijnàna-skandha (S). One of the five aggregates or
attributes.
Thức vô biên
xứ. Vijnànancàyatana (S). Sphere of the
boundless of Consciousness. Thức vô biên xứ
định, the dhyàna corresponding to it. Thức
vô biên xứ giải thoát, the vimoksa, or
liberation from it to a higher stage.
Thức xứ thiên.
The heaven of (limitles) knowledge, the second of the
catur àrùpya brahmaloka, or four formless
heavens.
Thức xoa ma na.
Siksamànana (S). Novice observer of six precepts.
Thực. Xem Thật.
Thực. Ahàra
(S). Food, to eat, feed.
Thực thể của
tái sinh. Upadhi (S). Substratum of rebirth, of
being.
Thực tính.
Tathatà (S). Suchness, the real truth of things.
Also Như như.
Thước ca ra.
Unfaltering will; steadiness; unswerving in one's
intention; strong determination; fixed purpose.
Thương Na Hòa Tu.
Arya Sanavasa (S). The 3rd Indian Patriarch.
Thương yết la chủ.
Sankarasvàmin (S). Name.
Thường. Nitya,
sasvata (S). Prolonged, constant, always, unceasing,
permanent, perpetual, ever, eternal; normal, regular,
ordinary.
Thường ba la mật.
The first of the four pàramitàs, eternity.
Thường bất khinh
Bồ tát. Sadàparibhùta (S). A monk who
never slighted others, but assured all of Buddhahood,
a former incarnation of Sàkyamuni.
Thường bất tư
nghì. Nityam-acintyam (S). Eternally
unthinkable.
Thường hành.
Constantly doing, or practising; ordinary procedure.
Thường hằng.
Aksaya (S). Constantly, eternal; non decaying. Also
trường tồn, vĩnh cửu.
Thường kiến.
The view that (personality) is permanent.
Thường lạc.
Everlasting joy.
Thường, Lạc,
Ngã, Tịnh. The four pàramitàs of
knowledge: eternity, bliss, personality, purity, the
four transcendental realities in nirvàna.
Thường một.
Ever drowning in the sea of mortality.
Thường nghiệp.
Acinna-kamma (P). Habitual karma.
Thường niệm.
Always remembering; always repeating.
Thường quang.
The unceasing radiance of the Buddha's body,
represented as a halo.
Thường tịch.
Eternal, peace, nirvàna.
Thường tịch quang
độ. The realm (of spirit) where all are in
perpetual peace and glory; Thiên Thai's fourth
Buddhaksetra
Thường Tinh tiến
Bồ tát. Eternal vigour Bodhisattva.
Thường trí.
Knowledge not conditioned by phenomena, abstract.
Thường trụ.
Permanent, always abiding, eternal.
Thường trụ nhất
tướng. The eternal unity or reality behind
all things.
Thường trụ tam
bảo. Eternally dwelling Triple Gems.
Thượng. Uttarà
(S). Above, upper, superior; on; former. To ascend,
offer to a superior.
Thượng bối.
Superior, or highest class.
Thượng bối quán.
The fourteenth of the sixteen contemplations of the
Amitàbha school.
Thượng căn. A
man of superior character or capacity, e.g. with
superior organs of sight, hearing, etc.
Thượng cầu bản
lai. Similar to the first half of Thượng
cầu Bồ đề, hạ hóa chúng sinh. Above to
seek bodhi, below to save all. Bản lai means the
original or Buddha-nature.
Thượng chuyển.
The upward turn: (1) progress upward, especially in
transmifration; (2) increase in enlightenment for
self, while hạ chuyển is for others.
Thượng cúng.
To offer up an offering to Buddha, or to ancestors.
Thượng đường.
To go into the hall to expound the doctrine; to go to
a temple for the purpose of worship or bearing
presents to the monks; to go to the refectory for
meals.
Thượng Hạnh Bồ
tát. Vidista-càritra Bodhisattva who suddenly
rose out of the earth as Buddha was concluding one of
his Lotus sermons.
Thượng lưu.
Urdhvasrotas (S). The flow upwards, or to go upwards
against the stream of transmigration to
parinirvàna.
Thượng nhân. A
man of superior wisdom, virtue and conduct, a term
applied to monks during the Đường dynasty.
Thượng phẩm.
Superior order, grade or class. Thượng phẩm
liên đài. The highest stages in the Pure Land.
Thượng phẩm
thượng sinh, trung sinh, hạ sinh. The three
highest of the nine stages of birth in the Pure Land.
Thượng phiền
não. The severe fundamental trials arising out
of the ten great delusions; also the trials or
distresses of present delusions.
Thượng phương,
thượng thủ. An abbot. Thượng phương
originally meant a mountain monastery.
Thượng sĩ. The
superior disciple, who becomes perfect in
(spiritually) profiting himself and others. The trung
sĩ profits self but not others; the hạ sĩ
neither.
Thượng tọa.
Sthavira or Mahàsthavira (S). Old man, or elder;
head monk, president or abbot; the first Buddhist
fathers; a tittle of Mahàkàsyapa; also a monk of
twenty to forty nine years standing, as trung tọa
are from ten to nineteen, and hạ tọa under ten.
Thượng tọa bộ.
Sthaviràh (S)> The shool of the presiding elder,
or elders.
Thượng thủ.
President, or presiding elders.
Thượng thừa.
Mahàyàna (S). Also thượng thuật, đại
thừa.
Thượng thừa mật
tông. The Mahàyàna esoteric school,
especially Chân ngôn tông Shingon.
Thượng thừa du
già. Mahàyàna-yoga (S).
Thượng thừa
thiền. Mahàyàna Zen school, which considers
that it alone attains the highest realization of
Mahàyàna truth.
Thượng trung hạ
pháp. The three dharmas, systems or vehicles,
bồ tát, duyên giác, and thanh văn,
bodhisattva, pratyekabuddha, sràvaka.
Thượng y. A
monk's outer robe.
Tì, tỉ.
Contiguous; surrounded; hemmed in; liberal; to aid;
manifest.
Tì bà ha la.
Ekavyavahàrika (S). Buddhist sect. Also Nhất
thuyết bộ, Chấp nhấtngữ ngôn bộ.
Tì bà sa luận.
Vibhàsa-sàstra (S). A philosophical treatise by
Kàtyàyaputra.
Tì bà thi.
(Phật). Vipasyin (S). The first of the seven
Buddhas of antiquity.
Tì bà xá na.
Vipasyanà (S), Vipassana (P). Discernment, insight,
correct perception or view. Also quán, minh sát
thiền.
Tì bạt trí, thoái
lui.
Tì da li. Vesali
(S). Actual Basarth. Also Tì xá li, Quảng
nghiêm thành.
Tì đề ha. Videha
(S). Continent at the east of Mt Meru. Also Đông
thắng thần châu, Đông đại châu.
Tì già la na, Thụ
ký. Vyàkarana (S). Prediction, formal
prophecy.
Tì ha la. Vihàra
(S). Monastery. Also tịnh xá.
Tì khưu (kheo).
Bhiksu (S). Monk, religious mendiant. Also khất
sĩ, sư ông.
Tì khưu ni.
Bhiksuni (S). Nun. Also sư bà.
Tì lam phong.
Vairambha (S). The great wind which finally scatters
the universe; the circle of wind under the circle of
water on which the world rests. Also tì lam bà,
bạo phong.
Tì lăng già.
Xem Lăng già.
Tì lê da. Virya
(S). Virility, strength, energy.
Tì lê da ba la mật.
Virya Pàramità (S). Zeal, pure progress, the
fourth of the ten pàramitàs.
Tì li da. Virya
(S). Tinh tấn, cần hành.
Tì li da ba la mật.
Xem Tinh tấn ba la mật.
Tì lô giá na
Phật. Mahàvairocana-Buddha (S). Great Sun
Buddha. Also Đại Nhật Như Lai.
Tì lư xá na Phật.
Vairocana-Buddha (S). Sun Buddha. Đại nhật Như
lai.
Tì lưu li.
Virùdhaka (S). (1) Southern God Protector. Also
Tăng trưởng thiên vương. (2) Crystal King,
or Ác sinh vương (3)-born king, a king of Kosala
(son of Prasenajit, Ba tư nặc), destroyer of
Kapilavastu.
Tì ma la . Vimàla
(S). A great disciple of the Buddha.
Tì ma la cật.
Vimàlakìrti (S). A great Buddhist. Also Duy Ma
cật, Tịnh Danh.
Tì ma túc kinh.
Vekkhasana-sùtra (S)
Tì nại da. Vinaya
(S) Monastic discipline. Also luật, tì ni (cựu
dịch).
Tì nại da tạng.
Vinaya-Pitaka (S). Basket of Discipline. Also Luật
tạng.
Tì ni. Vinaya (S).
Moral training; the disciplinary rules; precepts and
commands.
Tì ni đa lưu chi.
Vinìtaruchi (S). Name of a Patriarch.
Tì nữu (Thiên).
Vishnou (S)
Tì phật lược
(Kinh). Vaipulya (S). Large, spacious, phương
quảng. The term is applied to sùtras of an
expanded nature, especially expansion of the
doctrine; in Hìnayàna the Agàmas, in
Mahàyàna the sùtras of Hoa Nghiêm and Pháp
Hoa type.
Tì phú la. Vipula
(S). A mountain near Kusàgàrapura in Magadha.
Tì sa bà Phật.
Xem Tì xá phù.
Tì sa mật đa la.
Visvàmitra (S). The teacher of the prince
Siddhartha.
Tì sa môn Thiên
vương. Vaisravana (S). One of the four
Mahàrajàs, guardian of the north, king of the
Yaksas. Has the tittle Đa Văn, Phổ Văn
universal or much hearing or learning.
Tì xá. Vesa (S).
Entrance, home, house, adornment, prostitute; but it
is probably Vaisya, the third cast of farmers and
traders. Also Phệ xá.
Tì xá khư mẫu.
Visàkhà (S). A wealthy matron who with her
husband gave a vihàra to Sakyamuni, wife of
Anàthapindika. Also Lộc mẫu.
Tì xá li. Vaisali
(S). An ancient kingdom and city ođ the Licchavis,
where the second synod was held, near Basarth.
Tì xá phù Phật.
Visvabhù (S). The second Buddha of the 31st kalpa.
The last (1,000th) Buddha of the preceding kalpa, the
third of Sapta Buddha Thất Phật.
Tỉ. Ghràna (S).
Nose, the organ of smell.
Tỉ cách thiền sư.
Dhyàna master with nose (and other organs) shut off
from sensation, i.e. a stupid mystic.
Tỉ căn. The organ
of smell.
Tỉ nhập. Organ
and sense of smell.
Tỉ thức. The
sensation or perception of smell.
Tỉ tức. The
breath of the nostrils; also the perception of smell.
Tích. Pewter, tin;
to bestow.
Tích lan. Ceylon,
Sri-Lanka.
Tích trượng.
Khakkara (S). A monk's staff partly of metal,
especially with metal rings for shaking to make
announcement of one's presence, and also used for
demon expulsion etc.
Tích tụ nghiệp.
Katattà-kamma (P). Store up karma.
Tích. Traces,
footsteps; external evidences orindications.
Tích hóa (Tích
môn). Teaching or lessons derived from external
events, i.e. of the Buddha's life and work, shown in
the first fourteen sections of the Lotus sùtra; the
second fourteen sections of that work are called
bản hóa (bản môn) his direct teaching.
Tích môn thập
diệu. The ten marvellous external indications.
Tịch. Prasama;
vivikta; sànti (S). Still, silent, quiet, solitary,
calm, tranquil, nirvàna.
Tịch chiếu.
Nirvàna-illumination; ultimate reality shining
forth.
Tịch chủng. The
Nirvàna-class.
Tịch diệt.
Nirvàna (S). Cessation of the process of becoming.
Eternal Peace. Calmness and extinction.
Tịch diêt chân
đế. The truth about Nirvàna.
Tịch diệt chi pháp.
Viviktadharma-matibuddhi (S). Also tịch diệt
tuệ, tịch tịnh pháp.
Tịch diệt nhẫn.
Nirvàna-patience (suppression of all passion).
Tịch diệt tướng.
Nirvàna considered independently of the phenomenal.
Tịch diệt vô nhị.
Nirvàna as absolute without disunity or phenomena.
Tịch định.
Tranquil concentration; contemplation in which
disturbing illusion is liminated.
Tịch mệnh trí.
Buddha-knowoledge of the transmigratory forms of all
beings.
Tịch ngạn. The
shore of peace, nirvàna.
Tịch nghiệp sư
tử. The lion of nirvàna, Sàkyamuni.
Tịch nhẫn.
Calmness and endurance, quiet patience.
Tịch nhiên. In
calmness, quietude, silence; undisturbed.
Tịch nhiên giới.
The Hìnayàna nirvàna-realm or border.
Tịch niệm. Calm
thoughts; to calm the mind; contemplation.
Tịch quang. Calm
and illuminating as are Truth and Knowledge; the
hidden truth illuminating.
Tịch quang độ.
The land (of Buddha) where is calm illumination.
Tịch tĩnh (an lạc).
Sànti (S). Calm and quiet; tranquility, calmness.
Tịch tĩnh môn.
Nirvàna, or the absolute nhất thiết chư
pháp, as the door of release from trouble and
suffering.
Tịch tĩnh hạnh.
Hìnayàna discipline to ensure nirvàna.
Tịch tịnh, (cô
quạnh). Vivikta (S). Secluded, solitary.
Tiệm. Gradual, by
degrees, to flow little by little.
Tiệm giáo. The
gradual method of teaching by beginning with the
Hìnayàna and proceeding to the Mahàyàna in
contrast with đốn giáo.
Tiệm thứ. Step
by step, by degrees, gradually.
Tiên. Rsi (S). An
immortal; an ascetic, a man of the hills; a hermit;
the Buddha. The Lăng Nghiêm Kinh gives ten kinds
of immortals: walkers on the earth, địa hành
tiên; fliers phi hành tiên; wanderers at will
du hành tiên; into space không hành tiên;
into the deva heavens thiên hành tiên;
transforming themselves in any form tuyệt hành
tiên etc.. A classification of five is deva genii
thiên tiên; spirit genii thần tiên; human
genii nhân tiên; earth or cavern genii địa
tiên; and ghost genii quỉ tiên.
Tiên cảnh.
Fairyland; elysium.
Tiên du. To visit
the fairyland; to depart this life.
Tiên nhân lộc
viên. Rsipatana (S) Isipatana (P). Deer Park.
Also Thiên nhân viên, Chư thiên đọa
xứ.
Tiến, tấn.
Advance, progress, enter.
Tiến bộ.
Progress, improvement
Tiến cụ. To
reach the age (20) and advance to full ordination.
Tiến hóa. To
evolve, develop.
Tiến hóa nhị
nguyên luận. Samkhya (S). Name of a
non-buddhist sect. Also Số luận.
Tiến tu. Advance
in the cultivation.
Tiền. Pùrva (S).
Before, former, previous; in front.
Tiền căn.
Earlier root, earlier cause; cause generated from an
earlier life.
Tiền duyên.
Earlier conditions. Predestined affinity; predestined
union.
Tiền định.
Preordained, predetermined, predestined.
Tiền đường.
The front hall, or its front part.
Tiền hậu tế
đoạn. Discontinuous function, though seemingly
continuous, e.g. a "Catherine wheel" , or
torch whirled around.
Tiền khiên. Past
sins.
Tiền kiếp.
Pùrvakalpa (S). Former existence; previous life.
Tiền nghiệp.
Earlier, former karma.
Tiền nhân.
Predecessor, antecessor.
Tiền oan. A
calamity which is the effect of a misdeed perpatrated
during an anterior life; malediction, curse. Also
Tiền oan nghiệp chướng.
Tiền sinh. Xem
tiền thế.
Tiền sử.
Pùvayoga (S). Former connections.
Tiền thân. The
previous body, or incarnation.
Tiền thế. Former
life, or lives.
Tiền trần.
Previous impure conditions (influencing the
succeeding stage or stages.
Tiền triết. The
ancient sages.
Tiếp. To receive,
take; join on; graft.
Tiếp dẫn. To
receive and lead, to welcome.
Tiếp nối. To
join; to abut; to resume, take up again.
Tiếp túc tác lễ.
To embrace the (Buddha's) feet in reverence or
pleading, or to extend the arms in that posture.
Tiệp. The success
of an army, victory; quick, swift, prompt, active.
Tiệp kính.
Compendious way, short cut.
Tiết chế. To
control, to restrain, to moderate, to temper
(desires, passions)
Tiết dục. To
restrain one's desires; to restrict procreation;
continence, chastity.
Tiết hạnh.
Chastity.
Tiêu. Melt,
disperse, expend, digest, dispose of.
Tiêu cực.
Negative, passive, pessimistic.
Tiêu dao. To roam
about leisurely.
Tiêu tai. To
disperse, dissipate, or put an end to calamity. To
get rid of misfortune.
Tiêu trừ. To
abolish, suppress, eradicate.
Tiêu trưởng.
To decay and grow; waxing and waning.
Tiểu. Small,
little; mean, petty; inferior.
Tiểu bản. Small
volume. Thiên Thai term for the (tiểu) A di đà
kinh; the large sùtra being the Vô lượng
thọ kinh.
Tiểu Bễ.
Upacàru (S). Name of a cakravartiràja. Also Ô
ba giá lô.
Tiểu bộ kinh.
Khuddaka-nikàya (P).
Tiểu căn. Having
a mind fit only for Hìnayàna doctrine.
Tiểu dụ kinh.
Culla Màlinkyaputta-sutta (P)
Tiểu Hiền.
Bhadrika (S). One of the five first disciple of the
Buddha. Also Bạt Đề.
Tiểu kiếp.
Antarà-kalpa (S). Intermediate kalpa.
Tiểu pháp. The
laws or methods of Hìnayàna.
Tiểu phẩm.
Summarized version.
Tiểu phẩm bát
nhã kinh.
Astasàhasrikà-prajnàpàramità-sùtra (S).
Kumàrajiva's abbreviated version, in 10 quyển, of
the Mahà-pràjnà-pàramità-sùtra.
Tiểu phẩm kinh.
Xem Tiểu dụ kinh.
Tiểu phiền não
địa pháp. Upaklesabhùmikàh (S). The ten
lesser evils or illusions, or temptations, one of the
five groups of mental conditions of the seventy five
Hìnayàna elements. They are the minor moral
defects arising from vô minh unenlightenment; i.e.
phẫn anger; hận hate; phú hidden sin; não
vexation; tật envy; san stingines; cuống deceit;
xiểm adulation; hại ill will ; kiêu pride
Tiểu sư. A junior monk of less than ten years full
ordination, also a courtesy tittle for a disciple;
and a self-depreciatory tittle of any monk.
Tiểu thánh.
Hìnayàna saint, or arhat. The inferior saint, or
bodhisattva, as compared with the Buddha.
Tiểu thảo.
Smaller herbs, those who keep the five precepts and
do the ten good deeds, thereby attaining to rebirth
as men or devas.
Tiểu thiên thế
giới. A small chiliocosm, consisting of a
thousand worlds, each with its Mt Sumeru, continents,
seas and ring of iron mountain etc...
Tiểu thụ. Small
trees, bodhisattvas in the lower stages.
Tiểu thừa
(Thặng). Hìnayàna (S). The small, lesser
vehicle.
Tiểu thừa giới.
The precepts of the Hìnayàna also recognized by
the Mahàyàna: the five, eight, and ten precepts,
the 250 for the monks, and the 348 for the nuns.
Tiểu thừa kinh.
The Hìnayàna sùtras, the four sections of the
Agamas.
Tiểu thừa luận.
The Hìnayàna sàstras or Abhidharma. The
philosophical canon of the Hìnayàna, now supposed
to consist of some thirty seven works, the earliest
of which is said to be the Gunanirdesa sàstra
Phân biệt công đức luận before AD 220.
Tiểu thừa tam ấn.
The three characteristic marks of all Hìnayàna
sùtras: the impermanence of phenomena chư hành
vô thường; the unreality of the ego chư pháp
vô ngã; and nirvàna Niết bàn tịch tĩnh.
Tiểu thừa tứ
môn. Thiên Thai's division of Hìnayàna
into four schools or doctrines: (1) hữu môn of
reality, the existence of all phenomena, the doctrine
of being; (2) không môn of unreality, or
non-existence; (3) diệc hữu diệc không môn
of both, or relativity of existence and
non-existence; (4) phi hữu phi không of neither,
or transcending existence and non-existence.
Tiểu thực. The
small meal, breakfast, also called điểm tâm.
Tiểu tông. The
sects of Hìnayàna.
Tín. Sraddhà (S).
Faith; to believe, belief. Devotion.
Tín căn.
Sraddhendriya (S). Faith, one of the five roots or
organs producing a sound moral life.
Tín châu. The
pearl of faith.
Tín điều. Drsti
(S), Ditthi (P). Dogma.
Tín đồ.
Believer, follower, disciple, adept.
Tín đức. The
merit of the believing heart; the virtue of faith.
Tín giải.
Abhimukti (S). Faith and interpretation, i.e. to
believe and understand or explain the doctrine.
Tín, Giải, Hành,
Chứng. Faith, interpretation, performance and
evidence or realization of the fruit of Buddha's
doctrine.
Tín giới. Faith
and morals, i.e. the moral law, or commandments; to
put faith in commandments.
Tín hải. The
ocean of faith; the true virtue of the believing
heart is vast and boundless as the ocean.
Tín hạnh.
Believing action; faith and practice.
Tín hành đạo.
Practice based on faith.
Tín, Hạnh, Nguyện.
Faith, Practice, Vows.
Tín huệ. Xem tín
tuệ.
Tín hướng. To
believe in and entrust oneself to the Triratna Tam
Bảo.
Tín lạc. To
believe and rejoice in the dharma; the joy of
believing.
Tín lực.
Sraddhàbala (S). The power or force of faith.
Tín nam. Upàsaka
(P). A male devotee. Lay adher
Tín nữ.
Upàsikà (P). A female devotee, who remains at
home. Lay follower.
Tín nguyện. Faith
and vows.
Tín ngưỡng. To
believe in and look up to. Belief, faith, creed.
Tín nhẫn.
Faith-patience, faith-endurance.
Tín phục. To
believe in and submit oneself to. To trust; to accept
in faith;
Tín tạng. The
treasury of faith.
Tín tâm. A
believing mind, which receives without doubting.
Faith.
Tín thí.
Almsgiving because of faith; the gifts of the
faithful.
Tín thủ. Faith,
regarded as a hand grasping the precious truth of
Buddha.
Tín thụ. The
receptivity and obedience of faith; to believe and
receive (the doctrine).
Tín thụ phụng
hành. In faith receive and obey, a sentence
found at the end of sùtras.
Tín thuận. To
believe and obey.
Tín tuệ. Faith
and wisdom.
Tinh. Cleaned rice,
freed from the husk, pure; essential, essence,
germinating principle, spirit; fine, best, finest.
Tinh chân. Pure
truth, apprehension of ultimate reality.
Tinh tiến. Vìrya
(S). One of the seven Bodhyanga; vigour, valour,
fortitude. Pure, or unadulterated progress. Zeal,
zealous, courageously progressing in the good and
eliminating the evil.
Tinh tiến ba la mật.
Vìrya-pàramità (S). Perfection of energy.
Tinh tiến cung trí
tuệ tiễn. Zeal as the bow, wisdom the arrow.
Tinh tiến lực.
Vìryabala (S). The power of unfailing progress.
Tinh thần.
Vitality; also the pure and spiritual, the subtle or
recondite.
Tinh thất. A place
for pure, or spiritual cultivation, a pure abode, the
abode of the celibate, a monastery or nunnery. Also
Tinh xá.
Tinh xá. Xem tinh
thất.
Tính, tự tính.
Svabhàva, prakrti, pradhàna (S). The nature,
intp. as embodied, causative, unchanging; also as
independent or self-dependent; fundamental nature
behind the manifestation or expression. Also the
Buddha-nature immanent in all beings, the Buddha
heart or mind.
Tính chủng tính.
Nature-seed nature, i.e. original or primary nature,
in contrast with tập chủng tính active or
functioning nature; it is also the bodhisattva thập
hạnh stage.
Tính dục. Desires
that have become second nature; desires of the
nature,
Tính địa.
Spiritual nature, the second of the ten stages as
defined by the Thông giáo Intermediate School.
Tính độ. The
sphere of the dharma-nature, i.e. the
bhùtatathatà.
Tính đức.
Natural capacity for good (or evil), in contrast with
tu đức powers(of goodness) obtained by practice.
Tính giác.
Inherent intelligence, or knowledge, i.e. that of the
bhùtatathatà.
Tính giới. The
natural moral law, e.g. not to kill, steal, etc...
not requiring the law of Buddha.
Tính hải. The
ocean of the Bhùtatathatà, the all-containing,
immaterial nature of the Dharma.
Tính không. The
nature void, i.e. the immateriality of the nature of
all things.
Tính không giáo.
One of the thee Nam Sơn sects which regarded the
nature of things as unreal or immaterial, but held
that the things were temporally entities. Tính
không quán. The meditation of this sect on the
unreality, or immateriality, of the nature of things.
Tính khởi.
Arising from the primal nature, or bhùtatathatà,
contrast with duyên khởi arising from secondary
causes.
Tính mệnh. The
life of conscious beings; nature and life.
Tính ngã. The
Buddha-nature ego, which is apperceived when the
illusory ego is banished.
Tính niệm xứ.
Citta-smrtyupasthàna (S). One of the four objects
of thought, i.e. that the original nature is the same
as the Buddha-nature. Xem tứ niệm xứ.
Tính sắc.
Transcendent rùpa or form within or of the
Tathàgata-garba. Also chân sắc. Good by nature
(rather tha by effort); naturally good; in contrast
with tính ác evil by nature.
Tính thức.
Natural powers of perception, or the knowledge
acquired through the sense organs; mental knowledge.
Tính tông. Xem
Pháp tính tôn.
Tính tội. Sins
that are such according to natural law, apart from
Buddha's teaching e.g. murder etc.
Tính tướng. The
nature (of anything) and its phenomenal expression.
Tình. The feelings,
passions, desires, affections, sensations; sentient;
affinities; affairs; facts. Particular affections,
duties, or affairs.
Tình ái. Love;
affection.
Tình dục. The
passions, desires.
Tình hữu. The
realm of feeling, i.e. any world of sentience or
feeling, especially this world as empirically
cosidered; hữu tình is to have consciousness, the
conscious or sentient. Tình hữu lí vô,
empirically or sentiently existing, in essence or
reality non existent.
Tình kiến. The
perverted views produced by passion or affection.
Tình lụy. Love
misfortune.
Tình trần. The
six gunas or objects of sensation of the six organs
of sense; sensation and its data; sensation data;
passion defilement.
Tình viên. The
passions like an ape, never still.
Tình võng. Net of
passion.
Tỉnh. To awake, to
wake up.
Tỉnh mộng. To
loose one's illusion about sth.
Tĩnh. Ekàgra (S).
Cessation of strife, peace, calm, quietness,
stillness.
Tĩnh lự.
Dhyàna (S). Meditation. Also Thiền, thiền na.
Tĩnh lực. The
power of abstract meditation.
Tĩnh mặc. To keep
silent; to hold one's peace.
Tĩnh tâm.
Ekàgratà (S). Tranquility of mind; serenity.
Tĩnh thất. Abode
of peace, the quiet heart.
Tĩnh tọa. To sit
in contemplation.
Tĩnh tuệ. Calm
wisdom, insight into the void, or immaterial, removed
from the transient.
Tĩnh tư. Calm
thought; meditation, a meditator, i.e. a monk.
Tĩnh trí. Calm
wisdom, the wisdom derived from quietness, or mystic
trance..
Tịnh. Vimala (S).
Clean, pure, spotless, unstained; to cleanse,
purrify; chastity. Also Vô cấu.
Tịnh ba la mật.
The fourth pàramità of the Nirvàna sùtra
thường, lạc, ngã, tịnh.
Tịnh bang. Xem
Tịnh độ.
Tịnh bất động
đạo kinh. Sàmagàmasuttanta (P). Also Xa di
thôn kinh.
Tịnh bình. Kunda
(S). Nectar jug. Also Quân đồ lị, thủy bình,
quân trì.
Tịnh bồ đề tâm.
Pure bodhi mind, or mind of pure enlightenment, the
first stage of the practitioner in the esoteric sect.
Tịnh cư thiên.
The five heavens of purity, in the fourth dhyàna
heaven, where the saints dwell who will not return to
another rebirth.
Tịnh chiếu minh.
(Tam muội)
Tịnh chủ. The
donor of chastity, i.e. of an abode for monks or
nuns.
Tịnh chúng. Pure
assembly, the company of the chaste, the body of
monks.
Tịnh chư căn.
Undefiled senses; i.e. undefiled eye, ear, mouth,
nose, body.
Tịnh danh.
Vimalakìrti (S). Name of person. Also Duy ma cật,
Tì ma la cật.
Tịnh danh kinh.
Vimalakìrtinirdesa-sùtra (S)
Tịnh đạo. The
pure enlightenment of Buddha.
Tịnh đầu. The
monk who controls the latrines.
Tịnh địa. Pure
locality, i.e. where a chaste monk dwells.
Tịnh độ.
Sukhàvati (S). The Pure Land, or Paradise of the
West, presided over by Amitàbha. Other Buddhas have
their Pure Lands; seventeen other kinds of pure land
are also described, all of them of moral or spiritual
conditions of development, e.g. the pure land of
patience, zeal, wisdom, etc.
Tịnh độ tông.
Pure Land sect, whose chief tenet is salvation by
faith in Amitàbha.
Tịnh giác. Pure
enlightenment.
Tịnh giới. The
pure commandments (precepts), or to keep them in
purity.
Tịnh hạnh. Pure
conduct.
Tịnh hạnh giả.
One who observes ascetic practices; one of pure or
celibate conduct; a Brahman.
Tịnh hoa chúng.
The pure flower multitude, i.e. those who are born
into the Pure Land by means of a lotus flower.
Tịnh khiết ngũ
dục. The five pure desires, or senses, i.e. of
the higher worlds in contrast with the coarse senses
of the lower worlds.
Tịnh lưu li thế
giới. The pure crystal realm in the eastern
region, the paradise of Phật Dược Sư; it is
the Bhaisajyaguruvaidùrya-prabhàsa.
Tịnh lữ. The
company of pure ones, i.e. monks or nuns.
Tịnh mệnh. Pure
livelihood chính mệnh, i.e. that of the monk.
Tịnh môn. Gate of
purity to nirvàna; one of the lục diệu pháp
môn.
Tịnh nghiệp. Good
karma; also the deeds which lead to birth in the Pure
Land.
Tịnh Nguyệt.
Suddhacandra (S). Name.
Tịnh ngữ. Pure
words; words that express reality.
Tịnh nhãn. The
clear or pure eyes that behold, with enlightened
vision, things not only as they seem but in their
reality.
Tịnh nhục. Pure
flesh, the kind which may be eaten by a monk without
sin, three, five, and nine classes being given.
Tịnh Phạm vương.
Bràhma, as the pure divine ruler.
Tịnh Phạn vương.
Suddhodana (S). The father of the Buddha.
Tịnh pháp giới.
The realm of pure dharma, the unsullied realm.
Tịnh phát. To
cleanse the hair, i.e. to shave the head as do the
monks.
Tịnh Phật. Pure
Buddha, perfect Buddhahood, of the dharmakàya
nature.
Tịnh phương. The
Pure Land of Amitàbha.
Tịnh quán. Pure
contemplation, such as the sixteen mentioned in the
Vô lượng thọ kinh.
Tịnh Quang Phật.
Suddharasmiprabha-Buddha (S).
Tịnh quốc. The
pure land, i.e.Buddha-land.
Tịnh sát. Pure
ksetra, i.e. Buddha-land.
Tịnh Sư Tử.
Subhàkarasimha (S). Also Thiện Vô Úy, Vô
Úy Tam Tạng.
Tịnh Tạng.
Vimalagarba (S). Eldest son of Subhavyùha in the
Lotus sùtra.
Tịnh tâm. The
pure heart or mind, which is the original
Buddha-nature in everyman. Tịnh tâm trụ, the
pure heart stage, the third of the six resting places
of a bodhisattva, in which all illusory views are
abandoned.
Tịnh tín. Pure
faith.
Tịnh thánh. Pure
saints, the superior class of saints.
Tịnh thất. House
of chastity, i.e. a monastery or convent.
Tịnh thí. Pure
charity, which does not seek fame or blessing in this
world.
Tịnh thiên. Pure
heaven, or pure devas; srota-àpannas to
pratyeka-buddhas are so called. Tịnh thiên nhãn,
the pure deve eye, which can see all things small and
great, near and far, and the forms of all beings
before their transmigration.
Tịnh thủy. Pure
water.
Tịnh trai. Strict
abstinence.
Tịnh trụ. A pure
rest, or abode of purity, a term for a Buddhist
monastery.
Tịnh viên giác
tâm. Pure and perfect enlightened mind: the
complete enlightenment of the Buddha.
Tịnh vực. The
Pure Lands of all Buddhas.
Tọa. Nisad,
nisanna (S). Sit, rest, situated.
Tọa cụ.
Nisìdana (S). An article for sitting on, said to be
a cloth or mat. Also Ni sư đàn.
Tọa chứng.
Dhyàna contemplation.
Tọa cửu thành
lao. To accomplish one's labour by prolonged
sitting, as did Bodhidharma.
Tọa đường. A
sitting room, the assembly room of the monks.
Tọa hạ, tọa lạp.
Varsà (S). The retreat or rest during the summer
rains.
Tọa tham. The
evening meditation at a monastery (preceding
instruction by the abbot).
Tọa thiền. Zazen
(J). To sit in dhyàna, i.e. abstract meditation.
Tọa (tòa). Asana
(S). A seat; throne; classifier of buiding etc.
Tọa chủ. A
chairman, president; the head of the monks; an abbot.
Also Tọa thượng, tọa thủ, tọa nguyên.
Tọa lạp. The end
of the summer retreat; the monastic end of the year.
Tọa quang. The
halo behind the throne of an image; a halo throne.
Toàn giác.
Tathàgata (S). One who has found the Truth, Buddha.
Tòng lâm.
Monastery.
Tô. Refreshing
thyme; revive, cheer. Translit su, so, sa, s. Most
frequently it translit the Sanskrit su, which means
god, well, excellent, very.
Tô ba ha.
Svàhà (S). Hail! A mystic word indicating
completion, good luck, nirvàna, may evil disappear
and good be increased. Also Ta bà ha, tá ha,
tát bà ha.
Tô bạt đà la.
Subhadra (S). The last disciple of Buddha. Also Tu
bạt đà la, Thiện Hiền.
Tô du. Ghrta, ghee
(S). Clarified butter; scented oil extracted from the
sumanà plant.
Tô đạt đa.
Sudatta (S). Name of Anàtpindaka. Also Thiện
Thí.
Tô đạt nã.
Sudàna (S). A former name of the Buddha. Also
Thiện Nha.
Tô đăng. A lamp
using butter and fragrant oil.
Tô đần đà.
Suvinda (S). One of the 16 arhats.
Tô mê lư.
Sumeru (S). Sumeru Mount. Also Núi Tu Di, Tu Di
Sơn.
Tô tất địa.
Susiddhi (S). A mystic word of the Tantra School,
meaning "may it be excellently
accomplished". Also Diệu thành tựu.
Tổ. Grandfather,
ancestor; patriarch; founder.
Tổ sư Đông độ.
Chinese Patriarch. (1) Bồ đề đạt ma.
Bodhidharma (S). (2) Huệ Khả. Hoei Keu (C). (3)
Tăng Xán. Seng Tsan (C). (4) Đạo Tín. Tao
Sinn (C). (5) Hoằng Nhẫn. Houng Jenn (C). (6)
Huệ Năng. Hoei Neng (C).
Tổ sư Tây Thiên.
Indian Patriarch. The twenty eight Buddhist
Patriarchs as stated by the Mahàyànists. The
Thiên Thai school reckons twenty three, or twenty
four but Thiền Tông reckons twenty eight:(1)
Đại Ca diếp. Mahà-Kasyapa (S). (2) A nan.
Ananda. (3) Thương na hòa tu. Sànakavàsa. (4)
Ưu ba cúc đa. Upagupta. (5) Đề ca đa.
Dhrtaka. (6) Dị già ca. Mikkaka, or Micchaka. (7)
Bà tu mật. Vasumitra. (8) Phật đà nan đề.
Buddhanandi (9) Phật đà mật đa. Buddhamitra.
(10) Hiếp tôn giả. Pàrsva, or Pàrsvika.
(11) Phú na dạ xa. Punyayasas. (12) Mã Minh.
Asvaghosa. (13) Ca tì ma la. Kapimala. (14) Long
Thụ. Nàgàrjuna. (15) Ca na đề bà.
Kànadeva. (16) La hầu la đa. Rahùlata. (17)
Tăng già nan đề. Samghanandi. (18) Tăng
già da xá. Samghayasas. (19) Cưu ma la đa.
Kumàrata. (20) Xà dạ đa. Jayata. (21) Bà tu
bàn đầu. Vasubhandu. (22) Ma nô la. Manorhita.
(23) Hạc lặc na. Haklena. (24) Sư tử tì
kheo. Aryasimha. (25) Bà xá tư đa. Basiasita.
(26) Bất như mật đa. Punyamitra. (27) Bát
nhã đa la. Prajnàtàra. (28) Bồ đề đạt
ma. Bodhidharma.
Tổ sư thiền.
Patriarch's Meditation.
Tối. Most, very,
superlative.
Tối chính giác.
Supreme perfect enlightenmen; Buddhahood.
Tối hậu. The
last of all, ultimate; final, finally, at death.
Tối hậu niệm.
Xem Tối hậu tâm.
Tối hậu tâm.
The final mind, or ultimate thought, on entering
final Nirvàna.
Tối hậu thân. The
final body, or rebirth, that of an arhat, or a
bodhisattva in the last stage.
Tối hậu thập
niệm. To call on Amitàbha ten times when
dying.
Tối thắng. Jina,
vìjaya (S). Conquering, all conquering, pre eminent,
peerless, supreme.
Tối thắng âm
Phật. Dundubhisvaranirghosa-Buddha.
Tối thắng tôn.
Themost honoured one, Buddha.
Tối thắng thừa.
The supreme vehicle, Mahàyàna.
Tối thượng.
Supreme, superlative.
Tối thượng đại
tất địa. The stage of supreme siddhi or
wisdom, Buddhahood.
Tối thượng
thừa. The supreme vehicle, teaching.
Tội. That which is
blameworthy and brings about bad karma; entangled in
the net of wrong doing; sin, crime; misdemeanour,
offence. Có tội với cha mẹ, to fail in one's
duty to one's parents. Có tội với trời, to
sin against heaven. Làm thiện được phúc,
làm ác phải tội, good deeds are rewarded and
evil deeds punished.
Tội ác. Sin and
evil.
Tội báo. The
retribution of sin, its punishment in suffering.
Tội căn. The
root ođ sin, i.e. unenlightenment or ignorance.
Tội cấu. The
filth of sin, moral defilement.
Tội chướng. The
veil, or barrier of sin, which hinders the obtaining
of good karma, and the obedient hearing of the truth.
Tội hạnh. Sinful
acts, or conduct.
Tội nghiệp. That
which sin does, its karma, producing subsequent
suffering.
Tội nhân. Cause
of sin. Criminal, culprit, offender.
Tội phúc.
Sinfulness and blessedness.
Tội phúc vô chủ.
Sinfulness and blessedness have no lord, or governer,
i.e. we induce them ourselves.
Tội tính. A
sinful nature; the nature of sin.
Tôn. Arya (S).To
honour, honoured, honourable.
Tôn chứng.
Venerable witness.
Tôn giả. Arya
(S). Honourable one, a sage, a saint, an arhat.
Tôn kinh. The
honourable scripture, Buddhist sùtra.
Tôn ký. The
prediction of Buddhahood to his disciples by the
Honoured One; the honourable prediction.
Tôn nhan.
Honourable face.
Tôn sắc. The
honourable commands, Buddha's teaching.
Tôn sùng. To
idolize, worship s.o.,sth.
Tôn sư. Honourable
Teacher.
Tôn thắng.
Honoured and victorious. Tôn thắng giả, the
honoured victorious one, one of the five Phật
Đỉnh also known as Trừ chướng Phật đỉnh,
one of the divinities of the Yoga School.
Tôn thắng pháp.
The honoured and victorious dharma.
Tôn túc. A monk
honoured and advanced in years.
Tôn đà la nan
đà. Upananda, a disciple of the Buddha.
Tông. (Tôn)
Ancestors, ancestral; clan, category, kind; school,
sect; siddhànta: summary, main doctrine, syllogism,
prposition, conclusion, realization. Con nhà tông
chẳng giống lông cũng giống cánh, what's
bred in the bone comes out in the flesh. Like father
like son.
Tông Cáp Ba.
Sumatikirti (S). Tsong Kha Pa (Tib). The reformer of
the Tibetan church, founder of the Yellow Hat Sect.
Tông cực.
Ultimate or fundamental principles.
Tông chỉ. he main
thesis, or ideas, e.g. of a text.
Tông dụng.
Principles and their practice, or application.
Tông đồ.
Disciples of a sect.
Tông giáo. The
teaching of the sect.
Tông học. The
study or teaching of a sect.
Tông Mật. Tsung
Mi (C). One of the five patriarchs of the Hoa
Nghiêm sect.
Tông môn.
Originally, the general name for sects. Later
appropriated to itself by the Thiền tông, which
refers to the other school as Giáo môn, teaching
sects, i.e. those who rely on the written word rather
than on the "inner light".
Tông nghi. The
rules or rituals of a sect.
Tông nghĩa. The
tenets of a sect.
Tông nguyên. The
basic principle of a sect; its origin or cause of
existence.
Tông nhân dụ.
Proposition, reason, example, the three parts of a
syllogism.
Tông phái. Sects
(of Buddhism).
Tông pháp. The
thesis of a syllogism consisting of two terms, each
of which has five different names: tự tính
subject; sai biệt its differentiation; hữu
pháp that which acts; pháp the action; sở
biệt that which is differentiated; năng biệt
that which differentiates; tiền trần first
statement; hậu trần following statement; tông y
that on which the syllogism depends, both for subject
and predicate. Also Tông thể.
Tông phong. The
customs or traditions of a sect. In the Thiền
tông it means the regulations of the founder.
Tông sư. Teacher
of the sect.
Tông thông thuyết
thông. In doctrine and expression, both
thorough, a term applied to a great teacher.
Tông thừa. The
vehicle of a sect, i.e. its essential tenets.
Tông tổ. The
founder of a sect or school. Tông Gia a name for
Thiện Đạo Shan Tao, a writer of commentaries on
the sùtras of the Pure Land sect, and one of its
principal literary men.
Tông tượng.
The master workman of a sect who founded its
doctrine.
Tông y. That on
which a sect depends.
Tông yếu. The
fundamental tenets of a sect; the important elements,
or main principle.
Tống Vân.
Song-yun (C).
Tổng.
Sàdhàrana (S). Altogether, all, whole, general;
certainly.
Tổng báo.
General retribution.
Tổng báo nghiệp.
General karma determining the species, race, and
dountry into which one is born. Biệt nghiệp is
the particular karma relating to one's condition in
that species, e.g. rich, poor, well, ill, etc.
Tổng minh luận.
A name for the Abhidharma-kosa.
Tổng nguyện.
Universal vows common to all Buddhas, in contrast
with Biệt nguyện specific vows, e.g. the forty
eight of Amitàbha.
Tổng tướng.
Universal characteristics of all phenomena, in
contrast with Biệt tướng specific
characteristics.
Tổng tướng
giới. The general precepts for all disciples
in contrast with the Biệt tướng giới, e.g.
the 250 monastic rules.
Tổng trì.
Dhàrani (S) Entire control; absolute control over
good and evil passions and influences.
Tổng trì môn.
The esoteric or Tantric sects and methods.
Trà tì.
Cremation. To cremate. Also Thiêu. Lò thiêu:
crematorium.
Trai. Virati (S).
Abstinence. Trường trai, long abstinence, long
fast. Ăn chay, vegetarianism.
Trai đàn. Altar
for expiatory or atonement ceremony.
Trai đảo. To fast
and pray.
Trai giới.
Abstinence, fast; to fast, to observe a fast.
Trai kì. Fasting
period.
Trai nhật.
Upavasatha (S). Fasting day.
Trai phòng.
Fasting room. Also Trai xá.
Trai tăng. To
offer presents to the monks and nuns on the occaion
of a fasting ceremony.
Trang. Sedate,
serious, proper, stern.
Trang nghiêm.
Alamkàraka (S). Adorn, adornment, glory, honour,
ornament, ornate; e.g. the adornments of morality,
meditation, wisdom, and the control of good and evil
forces. In Amitàbha's paradise twenty nine forms of
adornments are described.
Trang nghiêm kiếp.
The glorious kalpa to which the thousand Buddhas, one
succeeding another, bring their contribution of
adornment.
Trang nghiêm kinh.
Vyùharàja sùtra (S). An exposition of the
principal doctrines of the Tantra school.
Trang nghiêm luận.
Mahàyàna sùtra lankara satra (S). A sastra
written by Asanga.
Trang nghiêm môn.
The gate or school of the adornment of the spirit, in
contrast with external practices, ceremonies,
asceticism, etc.
Trang nghiêm vương
Bồ tát. Vyùharàja (S). A Bodhisattva in
the retenue of Sàkyamuni.
Tràng. Dhvaja,
ketu (S). A pennant, streammer, flag, sign.
Tràng phan. A
flag, banner. Also Cờ phướn.
Tràng phan, bảo
cái. Banner, jewelled canopy.
Trạo cử.
Anuddhatya-kukrtya (S). Restlessness, Turmoil. Also
Xao động, chao động.
Trầm. To immerse,
sink; heavy.
Trầm hương.
Tàgara (S) Fragant shrub. Aguru (S), the sandal
incense. Eagle wood, aloes wood.
Trầm không. To
sink into emptiness, or uselessness.
Trầm luân. To
sink; to be engulfed, to go down; to immerse oneself
in; to be lost in. Trầm luân trong bể khổ, to
immerse oneself in the sea of pains and sorrows.
Trầm minh. Sunk in
the gloom of reincarnation and ignorance.
Trầm một. To
sink; to be immersed, lost, in water.
Trầm nịch. To be
infatuated with, to have an infatuation for; to be
addicted to. Trầm nịch tửu sắc, to be
addicted to drink and women; to indulge in
dissipation.
Trầm thủy. Aguru
(S). Xem trầm hương.
Trần. Dust, small
particles; molecules, atoms, exhalation. Atom,
matter.
Trần cảnh. The
environment of the six gunas or qualities of sight,
sound, smell, taste, touch and thought.
Trần cấu.
Material, or phenomenal defilement; the defilement of
the passions.
Trần dục. The
desires connected to the six gunas.
Trần duyên. The
circumstances or condition environing the mind
created by the six gunas.
Trần hương. The
native place or home of the six gunas, i.e. that of
transmigration.
Trần lao. The
trouble of the world, the passions.
Trần lụy. The
passion karma, which entangles the mind.
Trần sa. Dust and
sand, i.e. numberless.
Trần sa hoặc.
The illusion, numberless as dust and sand; the trial
of the Bodhisattva in facing the vast amount of
detail in knowledge and operation required for his
task of saving the world.
Trần sát.
Gunaksetra (S). "Field of qualities",
certain sins.
Trần trần sát
độ. Numberless lands; also in every grain, or
atom, there is a whole realm.
Trần vọng.
Impure and false, as are all temporal things.
Tri. To know.
Sanskrit root Vid, hence Vidyà knowledge; the vedas
etc. Tri vijnà to know, Trí is vijnàna, wisdom
arising from perception or knowing.
Tri căn. The
organs ođ perception, To know the roots, or
capacities (of all beings, as does a Bodhisattva;
hence he has no fears). Tri căn vô sở úy.
Tri đạo giả.
The one who knows the path to salvation, an epithet
of the Buddha.
Tri kiến. To know,
to know by seeing, becoming aware, intellection; the
function of knowing; views; doctrines.
Tri khách. The
director of guests, i.e. the host.
Tri khố. The
bursar (of a monastery)
Tri khổ đoạn tập.
To know (the truth of) suffering and be able to cut
off its accumulation.
Tri lễ. Knowing
the right modes of respect, or ceremonial; courteous,
reverential; Chih li, name of the famous tenth
century monk of the Tống dynasty, Tứ Minh so
called after the name of his monastery, a follower of
the Thiên Thai school, sought out by a Japanese
deputation in 1017.
Tri nhất thiết
chúng sinh trí. The Buddha-wisdom which knows
(the karma of) all beings.
Tri nhất thiết
pháp trí. The Buddha-wisdom of knowing
everything or method (of salvation).
Tri pháp. To know
the Buddha-law, or the rules; to know things; in the
exoteric sects, to know the deep meaning of the
sùtras; in the esoteric sects, to know the
mysteries.
Tri sự. To know
affairs. The karmadàna director of affairs in a
monastery, next below the abbot.
Tri túc. Complete
knowledge; satisfaction.
Tri túc thiên.
Tusita, the fourth devaloka, Maitreya's heaven of
full knowledge, where all Bodhisattvas are reborn
before rebirth as Buddhas.
Tri thế gian.
Lokavid (S). He who knows the world, one of the ten
characteristics of an Buddha. Also Thế gian giải.
Tri thức. (1) To
know and perceive, perception, knowledge. (2) A
friend, anintimate. (3) The false ideas produced in
the mind by common, or unenlightened-knowledge one of
the Ngũ thức in the Khởi tín luận.
Tri vô biên chư
Phật trí. To have the infinite Buddha-wisdom
(of knowing all the Buddha-worlds and how to save the
beings in them).
Tri. Black garments;
at one time black was used for monastic robes.
Tri bạch. Monk and
lay person.
Tri điền. Monk's
robe.
Tri y. Black robes,
monks.
Tri lâm. A
monastery.
Tri lưu. Monks.
Tri môn. The
black-robe order, monks
Trí. Jnàna (S)
Knowledge, wisdom.
Trí ấn. The seal
of the knowledge; the meditation of Diệu Âm Bồ
tát Gadgadasvara.
Trí bi. All-knowing
and all-pitying; these two with Định contemplative
make up the Tam Đức three virtues or qualities of
a Buddha.
Trí biện. Wisdom
and dialectic power; wise discrimination; argument
from knowledge.
Trí cảnh. The
objects of wisdom, or its state, conditions.
Trí chứng.
Wisdom assurance, the witness of knowledge, the
wisdom which realizes nirvàna.
Trí cự. The
torch of knowledge.
Trí diệu. Mystic
knowledge (which reveals spiritual realities).
Trí đoạn. Mystic
wisdom which attains absolute truth, and cuts off
misery.
Trí độ. Prajnà
pàramità (S). The sixth ođ the six
pàramitàs, wisdom which brings men to nirvàna.
Trí độ luận.
The sàstra, or commentary on the Prajnà
pàramità sùtra. It is a famous philosophical
Mahàyàna work.
Trí giả. The
knower, or wise man.
Trí giới. The
realm of knowledge in contrast with Lí giới that
of fundamental principles of law.
Trí hỏa. The fire
of knowledge.
Trí hoặc. Wisdom
and delusion.
Trí kính. The
mirror of wisdom.
Trí Khải. Founder
of the Thiên Thai school. Also Trí giả Đại
sư.
Trí lực.
Knowledge and supernatural power; power of knowledge;
the efficient use of mystic knowledge.
Trí môn. Wisdom
gate; Buddha-wisdom and Buddha-compassion are the two
gates or ways through which Buddhism expresses
itself; the way of enlightenment directed to the
self, and the way of compassion directed to others.
Trí Nghiêm.
Fourth patriarch of Hoa Nghiêm school, also called
Vân Hoa, A.D. 600-668.
Trí nguyệt.
Jnànacandra (S). Knowledge bright as the moon; name
of a prince of Karashahr who became a monk A.D.625
Trí nhãn. The eye
of wisdom; wisdom as an eye.
Trí nhận. The
sword of knowledge; knowledge like a sword. (Nhận
là mũi gươm)
Trí quả. The
fruit of knowledge, enlightenment.
Trí quang.
Jnànaprabha (S). Having the light of knowledge;
name of a disciple of Silabhadra.
Trí sơn. The
mountain of knowledge; knowledge exalted as a
mountain.
Trí tạng. The
treasury of Buddha-wisdom; posthumous title of
Amogha.
Trí tâm. The mind
of knowledge; a wise mind.
Trí thành. The
city of mystic wisdom, Buddhahood.
Trí thủ. The
knowing hand, the right hand.
Trí tích.
Jnànàkara (S). Accumulation of knowledge. Eldest
son of Mahàbhijna; also said to be Aksobhya.
Prajnàkuta. A Bodhisattva in the retenue of
Prabhùtratna, v. Lotus sùtra.
Trí tịnh tướng.
Pure wisdom aspect; pure wisdom; wisdom and purity.
Trí tuệ. Jnàna
as Trí knowledge and Prajnà as Tuệ discernment,
i.e. knowledge of things and realization of truth; in
general knowledge and wisdom.
Trí tuệ biện tài.
Wisdom and eloquent power.
Trí tuệ hải.
Buddha-wisdom deep and wide as the ocean.
Trí tuệ kiếm.
The sword of wisdom which cuts away passions and
severs the link of transmigration.
Trí tuệ lực.
Wisdom, insight.
Trí tuệ môn.
The gate of Buddha-wisdom which leads into all
truths.
Trí tuệ quán.
One of the meditations of Quán thế Âm, insight
into reality.
Trí tuệ quang Phật.
Wisdom-light Buddha, Amitàbha.
Trí tuệ thủy.
The water of wisdom which washes away the filth of
passion.
Trí tướng. Wise
mien or apparence, the wisdom-light shining from the
Buddha's face; also human intelligence.
Trì. Dhr, dhara
(S). Lay hold of, grasp, hold, maintain, keep;
control.
Trì bản. Holding
to the root, or fundamental; ruler of the earth,
which is the root and source of all things.
Trì cú. One who
holds to or retains the words (of the dharani).
Trì danh. To hold
to, i.e. rely on the name (ođ Amitàbha).
Trì Địa.
Dharanimdhara (S). Holder or ruler of the earth, or
land; name of a Bodhisattva, who predicted the future
of Avalokitesvara.
Trì giới, phá
giới. To keep the precepts or rules; to
offense the law.
Trì kim cương.
Vajradara, Vajrapàni (S). A Bohisattva who holds
the vajra or thunderbolt, of these there are several;
a name for Indra. Also Chấp kim cương.
Trì luật. A
keeper or observer of the discipline.
Trì minh. The
dhàrani illuminant, i.e. the effective "true
word" or magical term.
Trì niệm. To hold
in memory.
Trì, phạm.
Maintaining and transgressing, i.e. keeping the
precepts by Chỉ trì ceasing to do wrong and Tác
trì doing ăhat is right, e.g. worship, the
monastic life, etc.; transgression is also of two
kinds, i.e. Tác phạm positive in doing evil and
Chỉ phạm negative in not doing good.
Trì pháp giả. A
keeper or protector of the Buddha-law.
Trì Quốc Thiên
Vương. Dhrtaràstra, one of the four
deva-guardians or mahàràjas, controlling the
east, of white colour.
Trì trai. To keep
the vegetarian diet; vegetarian. To keep the fast,
i.e. not eat after noon.
Trì tức niệm.
The contemplation in which the breathing
Triền. Revolve,
turn around, whirl.
Triền đà la ni.
A spell which endows with extensive powers of
evolutiob; also varied involutions of magical terms.
Triền hỏa luân.
A whirling wheel of fire, a circle yet not a circle,
a simile of the seeming but unreal, i.e. the
unreality of phenoma.
Triền phong. A
whirl-wind, cyclone. Also Con trốt, gió xoáy,
gió lốc.
Triền đề. Xem
nhất xiển đề..
Trọc. Turbid,
muddy, impure, opposit of Thanh
Trọc ác thế. A
world of impurity or degeneration, i.e. ot the Ngũ
trọc and Thập ác.
Trọc ác xứ.
The present contaminated evil world.
Trọc kiếp. An
impure kalpa, the kalpa of impurity, degenerate,
corrupt; an age of disease, famine and war.
Trọc nghiệp.
Contaminated karma, that produced by Dục desire.
Trọng. Heavy,
weighty, grave, serious; to lay stress upon, regard
respectfully.
Trọng cấm.
Strictly forbidden.
Trọng chướng.
Serious hindrances (to enlightenment).
Trọng toán.
Chùzan (J). A learned Japanese monk in the 10th
century.
Trợ. Help, aid,
assist; auxiliary.
Trợ duyên.
Auxiliary condition.
Trợ đạo.
Auxiliary means, e.g. of meditation; auxiliary
discipline; any aid to faith and virtue.
Trợ nghiệp.
Auxiliary karma, i.e. deeds or works, e.g. reciting
the sùtras about the Pure Land, worship, praise,
and offering, as additional to direct karma Chính
nghiệp, i.e. faith in Amitàbha, expressed by
constant thought of him and calling on his name.
Trụ. Sthiti (S).
To abide, dwell, stay, stop, settle. Sinh trụ
diệt, birth, existence, death.
Trụ địa.
Dwelling place; abiding place in the Truth, i.e. the
acquirement by faith of a self believing in the
dharma and producing its fruit.
Trụ định. Fixed,
certain, firmly, settled.
Trụ định Bồ tát.
A Bodhisattva firmly fixed, or abiding in certainty.
After a Bodhisattva has completed three great
asamkhyeya kalpas he has still one hundred great
kalpas to complete. This period is called abiding in
fixity or firmness divided into six kinds: certainty
of being born in a good gati, in a noble family, with
a good body, a man, knowing the abiding character of
his good works.
Trụ kiếp.
Vivarta siddha kalpa (S). The abiding or existing
kalpa; the kalpa of human existence.
Trụ quả. Abiding
in the fruit; e.g. sràvakas and pratyeka-buddhas
who rest satisfied in their attainments and do not
strive for Buddhahood; they are known as Trụ quả
Duyên giác or Trụ quả La hán.
Trụ trì. To dwell
and control; the abbot of a monastery; resident
superintendent; to maintain, or firmly hold to (faith
in the Buddha etc.)
Trụ tướng.
Sthiti (S). Abiding, being, the state of existence,
one of the four characteristics of all beings and
things, i.e. sinh birth, trụ existence, dị change
(ordecay), diệt death (or cessation).
Trụ vị. Abiding
place, one of the ten stages, resting and developing
places or abodes of the Bodhisattva, which is entered
after the stage of Belief Tín has been passed.
Trúc lâm.
Venuvana (S). Bamboo grove.
Trúc viên. The
monastery in the Bmboo grove near Rajagriha in
Magadha,
Trung. Madhya (S).
Middle, central, medium, the mean, within.
Trung ấm. Bardo
(Tib). Intermediate state. Xem trung hữu.
Trung căn. Medium
capacity, neither clever nor dull, of each of the six
organs. Lục căn; there are three powers of each
organ Thượng, Trung and Hạ.
Trung hữu. One of
the Tứ hữu, i.e. the antarà-bhava or
intermediate state between death and reincarnation.
Also Trung ấm.
Trung kiếp.
Middling kalpa, a period of 336,000,000 years.
Trung nguyên. The
fifteenth of the seventh moon; the Thượng and
Hạ are the fifteenth of the first and tenth moons
respectively.
Trung quán luận.
Madhyamaka-sàstra.
Trung quốc.
Madhyadesa (S). The middle kingdom, i.e. Central
North India.
Trung thiên thế
giới. A middling chiliocosm. Xem Tam thiên
đại thiên thế giới
Trung thừa (thặng).
The middle vehicle to nirvàna, includes all
intermediate or medial systems between Hìnayàna
and Mahàyàna.
Trung tôn. The
central honoured one - in any group of Buddhas, e.g.
Bất Động Tôn among the five Minh Vương.
Trùng các giảng
đường. The double-storeyed hall at Vaisali
where the Buddha stayed.
Trùng quan. The
grave barriers (to meditation and enlightenment).
Trùng không. The
double space, i.e. the space beyond space, the void
beyond the void.
Trùng trùng.
Repeated, again and again, manifold etc.
Trùng trùng đế
võng. The multi-meshed net of Indra.
Trùng tụng. Geya
(S). Repetition in verse of a prose section.
Truyền. To
transmit, pass on, hand down, promulgate, propagate;
tradition; summon.
Truyền bá. To
propagate; to spread abroad, to diffuse, to radiate.
Truyền đạo. To
spread a doctrine; to preach a religion.
Truyền đăng. To
transmit the light, pass on the lamp of truth.
Truyền đăng lục.
Records of those who have passed on the lamp of
Buddhist truth.
Truyền giáo. To
spread the teaching, or doctrine; to transmit and
instruct.
Truyền giáo đại
sư. Dengyô-Daishi (J). The founder of the
Thiên Thai school in Japan.
Truyền giới. To
transmit the precepts, to grant them as at
ordination.
Truyền kinh. To
hand down the tradition, the meaning of a sùtra.
Truyền pháp. To
transmit, or spread abroad the Buddha truth.
Truyền tâm. To
pass from mind to mind, to pass by narration or
tradition; to transmit the mind of Buddha as in the
Thiền tông, Intuitional school, mental
transmission.
Truyền trì. To
maintain what has been transmitted, to transmit and
maintain.
Truyền y. To hand
down the mantle, or garments.
Trừ. Get rid of.
Trừ cái chướng.
To dispose of hindrances.
Trừ cận. He (or
she) who puts away want (by receicing alms), an int.
of bhiksu cận sự nam, tỉ khưu and bhisuni
cận sự nữ, tỉ khưu ni.
Trừ đoạn. To
get rid of completely, to cut off.
Trừ giác chi.
To get rid of mental effort and produce mental and
physiacal buoyancy.
Trừ nghi.
Eliminate doubt.
Trừ nhất thiết
ác. To get rid of all evil.
Trừ tai. Get rid
of calamity.
Trực. Straight,
upright, direct; to arrange.
Trực đạo. The
direct way (to Nirvàna or Buddha land).
Trực giác.
Intuition, immediate perception. Trực giác chủ
nghĩa. Intuitionism.
Trực tâm.
Straightforward, sincere, blunt.
Trực truyền.
Direct information, or transmission (by word of
mouth).
Trước, trứ.
To be attached to; to adhere to; to be bound.
Trước cảnh. To
be attached to the outside objects.
Trước ngã. To
be attached to the self.
Trước y. To don
clothes
Trược, trọc.
Turbid, impure.
Trường. Long,
always.
Trường cửu.
Durable, lasting; long lived.
Trường dạ. The
whole night, the long night of mortality or
transmigration.
Trường hàng. Sùtra
(S). Scripture, sùtra.
Trường khất
thực. Always to ask food as alms, one of the
twelve duties of a monk.
Trường kì.
Long, protracted; long term; long range. Trường
kì chiến đấu, protracted struggle. Trường
kì gian khổ, to endure no end ođ tribulations.
Trường sinh.
Long or eternal life (in Paradise). Trường sinh
bất tử, long life without death.
Trường thọ.
Long life.
Trường thọ
thiên. Devas of long life, in the fourth
dhyàna heaven.
Trượng phu.
Husband. Hero. Man ođ spirit. Hành động của
kẻ trượng phu, manly action.
Trưởng giả.
Elder, senior.
Trưởng lão.
Senior; old folk, the aged, old man.
Trưởng tử.
Eldest child.
Tu. To enter into
religion, to take the vows, to enter the order, to be
a monk. Đi tu, to enter the priesthood. Tu thành
chính quả, to attain Buddhahood.To put in order,
mend, cultivate, observe.
Tu Bồ tát hạnh.
To cultivate the Bodhisattva's virtues.
Tu chứng. To
cultivate the Way and attain the Realization.
Tu dưỡng. To
cultivate, improve (one's mind, etc.). Tu dưỡng
tinh thần, to fortify oneself spiritually; to
cultivate sereneness.
Tu đa la. Sùtra
(S). Sùtras or addresses attributed to the Buddha,
usually introduced by Như thị ngã văn Thus I
have heard.
Tu đạo. To
cultivate the way of religion; be religious; the way
of self cultivation.
Tu đức. To
cultivate virtue; to improve oneself morally.
Tu hành. Caryà
(S). Conduct; to observe and do; to mend one's way;
to cultivate oneself in right practice; be religious,
or pious. Tu hành khổ hạnh, to practice
ascetism. Nếp sống tu hành, religious life.
Tu hành trụ. A
bodhisattva's stage of conduct, the third of his ten
stages.
Tu hoặc. Illusion,
such as desire, hate, etc., in practice or
performance, i.e. in the process of attaining
enlightenment.
Tu học. To bend
one's mind to study; to study and practice
Tu kiên. Firmness
in observing, or maintaining; established conviction,
e.g. of the biệt giáo bodhisattva that all
phenomena in essence are identical.
Tu la. Asura (S).
Demons who wars with Indra; a tu la is also Sura,
which means a god, or deity; a tu la quân the army
of asura, fighting on the tu la trường asura
battlefield against Indra.
Tu mê lư sơn.
Sumeru, Meru (S).
Tu nhân tích đức.
To do good and cultivate virtue.
Tu sám. To undergo
the discipline of penitence.
Tu sĩ. Religious,
monk, priest. Giới tu sĩ, the priesthood, the
monkdom.
Tu tâm. To
cultivate the heart; to self-improve morally. Tu
tâm dưỡng tính, to cultivate one's heart and
improve one's character.
Tu tập lực. The
power acquired by the practice of all (good) conduct;
the power of habit.
Tu thân. To
self-improve.
Tu thân, giới,
tâm, tuệ. To cultivate the self-improvement,
the moral discipline, the mind and the perfect
wisdom.
Tu thập thiện.
To cultivate the ten good deeds.
Tu thiện. To
cultivate goodness; the goodness that is cultivated,
in contrast with natural goodness.
Tu thiền. To
practice Zen, meditation.
Tu thiền Lục diệu
môn. The six mysterious gates or way of
practising meditation, consisting mostly of breathing
exercises.
Tu tính. To
cultivate the nature, the natural proclivities.
Tu tính bất nhị
môn. The identity of cultivation and the
cultivated.
Tu. To expect, wait
for, wait on; necessary, must; moment, small,
translit for su.
Tu bồ đề.
Subhùti (S). One of the ten great discoples of the
Buddha, said to have been the best exponent of
Sùnya, or the Void Giải không đệ nhất. he
is the principal interlocuter in the
Prajnàpàramità-sùtra.
Tu dạ ma. Suyàma
(S). The ruler of the Yama heaven
Tu di sơn. Sumeru
(S). The central mountain of every world. Also Tu di
lâu sơn,
Tu mê lư sơn, Diệu
cao sơn, Diệu quang sơn.
Tu di đăng.
Sumeru lamp Buddha.
Tu di quang Phật.
Meru-prabhàsa-Buddha (S). Sumeru light Buddha.
Tu di sơn Phật.
Sumerukalpa-Buddha (S).
Tu di tòa. A kind
of throne for a Buddha. Also Tu di đài.
Tu di tướng Phật.
Merudvaja-Buddha (S). Sumeru appearance Buddha.
Tu diễm ma thiên.
Yama (S). The third of the six heavens in the
Karmaloka.
Tu du. Instant.
Tu đà. Sùdra
(S). The fourth caste.
Tu đà hoàn.
Srota-àpanna (S). One who has entered the stream of
holy living. Also Nhập lưu. Dự lưu.
Tu đạt, Tu đạt
đa. Sudatta (S). Also Thiện Tài.
Tu đạt đa A na bân
đàn. Sudatta Anathapindika (S).
Tu lị da. Sùrya
(S). The sun.
Tu ma đề.
Sukhavati (S). The Western Paradise of Amitàbha.
Tu man na hoa.
Tu niết mật đà.
Nirmànarati (S) Also Hóa lạc thiên.
Tu xà đa.
Sujàta (S). Also Thiện Sinh.
Tuần. Wander
about, patrol, inspect.
Tuần liêu. To
inspect all the buildings of a monastery.
Tuần tích. To
walk about with a metal stick, i.e. to teach.
Túc. A halting
place; to pass the night, sojourn, stay; early,
former; left over.
Túc báo. The
consequence of deeds done in former existence.
Túc căn. The
root of one's present lot planted in previous
existence.
Túc chấp. The
character acquired in a previous existence and
maintained.
Túc duyên.
Causation or inheritance from previous existence.
Túc mệnh.
Previous life, or lives.
Túc mệnh lực.
Buddha-power to know all previous transmigrations.
Túc mệnh minh.
The knowledge of the arhat of his own and other
previous transmigrations.
Túc mệnh thông.
Pùrvanivàsànusmrti (S). Buddha-knowledge of all
forms of previous existence of self and others
Túc nghiệp.
Former karma, the karma of previous existence.
Túc nguyện. The
vow made in a former existence.
Túc nguyện lực.
The power of an ancient vow.
Túc nhân. Good
or evil cause in previous existence.
Túc phúc. Happy
karma from previous existence.
Túc tác. The
deeds of a former life.
Túc tập. The
practices, habits or deeds of or inherited from
former existence.
Túc thế. A
former existence.
Túc thiện. Good
deeds done in previous existence.
Túc thực. Have
spread good seeds in former lives.
Túc trái. The
unrepaid debts from, or sins of, former incarnations.
Tú Vương Phật.
Natchatraràja Buddha (S). King of stars Buddha.
Tú Vương Hoa Bồ
tát. Naksatra-ràja-sankusumitàbhijnà (S).
King of the star-flowers, a bodhisattva in the Lotus
sùtra.
Tục. Common,
ordinary, usual, vulgar.
Tục đế. Common
principles, or axioms; normal unenlightened idea, in
contrast with reality.
Tục giới. The
common precepts for the laity.
Tục lụy. Wordly
bondage.
Tục lưu. The
common run or flow.
Tục ngã. The
popular idea of the ego or soul, i.e. the empirical
or false ego giả ngã composed of five skandhas,
this is to be distinguished from the true ego chân
ngã or thật ngã, the metaphysical substratum
from which all empirical elements have been
eliminated.
Tục nhãn.
Unenlightened eyes; ordinary eyes.
Tục nhân.
Grhastha (S). An ordinary householder; an ordinary
man; the laity.
Tục tình. Wordly
love, vulgar love.
Tục tử. Vulgar,
ordinary people; uninitiated person.
Tục trần. Common
dust, earthly pollution.
Tục trí. Common
or worldly wisdom.
Tuệ (Huệ) .Prajnà,
jnàna (S). Wisdom, insight, discernment,
understanding; the power to discern thing, and their
underlying principles and to decide the doubtful.
Tuệ ảo.
Wisdom-illusion, wisdom-conjuring; the kaleidoscope
of wisdom.
Tuệ ấn.
Wisdom-sign, or seal.
Tuệ ba la mật.
Prajnà-pàramità (S). Perfection of wisdom.
Tuệ căn. The
root, i.e. the organ, of wisdom.
Tuệ cự.
Djànolka (S). The torch of wisdom.
Tuệ chiếu. The
light of wisdom.
Tuệ đăng. The
lamp of wisdom.
Tuệ độ.
Prajnàpàramità (S), The supreme wisdom, the
wisdom leading to the shore of enlightenment.
Tuệ giác. Amoha
(S). Wisdom.
Tuệ giải. The
function of wisdom - to explain all things.
Tuệ giải thoát.
Panna-vimutti (P). Deliverance through the wisdom.
Tuệ hải. Wisdom
ocean.
Tuệ học.
Adhiprajnà-siksa (S). Formation of the wisdom.
Tuệ Khả. Hui-k'o
(C). The successor of Bodhidharma.
Tuệ kiếm. The
sword of wisdom which cuts away illusion.
Tuệ kiến.
Wise-views, or insight into wisdom, the views of
wisdom.
Tuệ kính. The
mirror of wisdom.
Tuệ lực.
Prajnàbala (S). Force of wisdom.
Tuệ lưu. The
living stream of wisdom able to cleanse all impurity.
Tuệ mạng, mệnh.
Wisdom-life, or wisdom as life, wisdom being the
basis of spiritual character.
Tuệ môn. The
gate of wisdom.
Tuệ
mục. The eye of wisdom.
Tuệ Năng, Huệ
Năng. The power of wisdom; name of the sixth
patriarch of Thiền tông the Intuitional or
Meditation sect.
Tuệ nghĩa. The
apprehension of the meaning of reality through
wisdom.
Tuệ nghiệp.
Undertaking and doing; practical goodness resulting
from wisdom.
Tuệ nhãn. The
wisdom-eye that sees all things as unreal.
Tuệ nhẫn.
Wisdom-patience, one of the thập nhẫn.
Tuệ nhật.
Wisdom-sun, Buddha-wisdom
Tuệ Quán.
Hui-kuan (C). One of Kumàrajiva's chief assistant
in translation, died 424.
Tuệ quang.
Wusdom-light.
Tuệ số. Mental
conditions in contrast to mind itself.
Tuệ tạng.
Wisdom-store, the Abhidharma pitaka which embodies
the science of ascertaining the meaning of the
sùtras. Also the whole of the Tripitaka.
Tuệ thân.
Wisdom-body, one of the five divisions of the
Dharmakàya, which is the embodiment inter alia of
inherent wisdom.
Tuệ trí.
Pajànàti (P). Clearly knowledge.
Tuệ triền. The
bond of ignorance and stupidity which fetters wisdom.
Tuệ Tư. The
second patriarch of the Thiên Thai school, Nam
Nhạc Đại Sư.
Tuệ vân. The
clouds of wisdom with which the Tathàgata covers
all beings.
Tuệ vô lậu.
Jnànam-anàsravam (S). Wisdom non-outflowings.,
capability, or opportunity. or tùy duyên chân
như phenomenal relativity ; and considered as
immutable, the bất biến chân như which is
likened to the water as opposed to the waves.
Tụng. Geyya (S).To
murmur, recite, intone, memorize by repeating in a
murmur.
Tụng niệm. To
chant the sùtra and recite the Buddha's name.
Tụng trì. To
chant and maintain the sùtra and the mantra.
Tụng. Gàtha.
Tùy. Follow,
comply with; sequent, consequent, after, according
to, as.
Tùy cầu.
According to prayer. Name of a deva which was
formerly a wicked monk who died and went to hell, but
when dying repented, prayed and was reborn the deva.
Tùy cơ. According
to capacity, capability, or opportunity.
Tùy duyên.
According with, or resulting from conditioning
causes, or circumstances, as waves result from wind;
also sequent conditions; also according to
circumstances, e.g. tùy duyên hóa vật, to
convert or transform people according to their
conditions, or to circumstances in general.
Tùy duyên bất
biến. Ever changing in conditions yet immutable
in essence, i.e. the chân như, in its two aspects
of tùy duyên chân như phenomenal relativity ;
and considered as immutable, the bất biến chân
như which is likened to water as opposed to the
waves.
Tùy hỉ. To
rejoice in the welfare of others. To do that which
one enjoys, to follow one's inclination.
Tùy hình hảo.
Excellent in every detail; the individual excellences
of others united in the Buddha.
Tùy kinh luật.
According to the discipline as described in the
sùtras, i.e. the various regulations for conduct in
the Sùtra-pitaka; the phrase tùy luật kinh
means according to the wisdom and insight as
described in the Vinaya-pitaka.
Tùy loại.
According to the categories.
Tùy loại sinh.
According to life species.
Tùy miên.
Yielding to sleep, sleepiness, drowsiness, comatose,
one of the klesa or temptations; also used by the
Sarvàstivàdins as an equivalent for klesa, the
passions and delusions, by the Duy thức school as
the seed of klesa.
Tùy nghi. As
suitable, proper, or needed.
Tùy pháp hành.
Those who follow the truth by reason or intellectual
ability, in contrast with the non-intellectual, who
put their trust in others.
Tùy phần.
According to the part assigned or expected;
accordingto lot or duty.
Tùy phần giác.
Partial enlightenment, the third of tứ giác in
the Awakening of Faith Khởi tín luận.
Tùy phiền não.
Sequent or associated klesa-trials, or evils; or
especially those which follow the six tùy miên.
Also called tùy hoặc.
Tùy phương.
According to place; suitable to the place; in
whatever place; wherever. Tùy phương tì ni,
vinaya or rules, suitable to local conditions, or to
conditions everywhere.
Tùy tâm.
According to mind, or wish.
Tùy tín hành.
The religious life which is evolved from faith in the
teaching of others; it is of the độn căn
unintellectual type.
Tùy tướng. The
secondary states, i.e. of birth, stay, change, and
death, in allphenomena.
Tùy tướng giới.
To follow the forms and discipline of the Buddha,
i.e. become a monk.
Tùy thuận. To
follow, accord with, obey; to believe and follow the
teaching of another.
Tùy ý. At will,
following one's
Tuyết. Snow.
Tuyết lĩnh. The
snow mountains, the Himàlayas.
Tuyết sơn. Xem
Tuyết lĩnh.
Tuyết sơn bộ.
Haimavatàh (S). The Himàlaya school, one of the
five divisions of the Mahàsanghihah.
Tuyết sơn đại sĩ.
The great man of the Himàlayas, the Buddha in a
former incarnation. Also Tuyết sơn đồng tử,
the youth of the Himàlayas.
Tư. Cint-(S).
Think, thought; turn the attention to; intp. by tâm
sở pháp mental action or contents, mentality,
intellection.
Tư duy. To consider
or reflect on an object with discrimination; thought,
reflection.
Tư đà hàm.
Sakrdàgàmin (S). One who has attained the 2nd
stage of the Noble Path.
Tư giả. Thought
or its content as illusion.
Tư hoặc. The
illusion of thought.
Tư lượng.
Thinking and measuring, or comparing; reasoning.
Tư lượng thức.
The seventh vijnàna, intellection, reasoning.
Tư thực.
Thought-food, mental-food; to desire food.
Tư trạch lực.
Power in thought and selection (of correct
principles).
Tư tuệ. The
wisdom attained by meditating (on the principles and
doctines of Buddhism),
Tứ. Catur (S).
Four.
Tứ A hàm. The
four Agamas, or divisions of the Hìnayàna
scriptures: Trường A Hàm dirghàgamas, long
works, cosmological; Trung A Hàm madhyamàgamas,
metaphysical;
Tạp A Hàm
samyuktàgamas, general, on dhyàna, trance etc.;
Tăng Nhất A Hàm ekottarikàgamas, numerically
arranged subjects.
Tứ ác đạo.
The four apàya or evil destinies: the hells địa
ngục, as hungry ghosts ngạ quỉ, animals súc
sinh, or asuras a tu la. The asuras are sometimes
evil, sometimes good, hence the term tam ác đạo
three evil destinies excepts the asuras.
Tứ ác thú.
Cũng như tứ ác đạo.
Tứ an lạc hạnh.
The four means of attaining to a happy contentment,
by proper direction of the deeds of the body thân
an lạc hạnh; the words of the mouth khẩu an
lạc hạnh; the thoughts of the mind ý an lạc
hạnh; and the resolve (of the will) to preach to
all the Lotus sùtra thệ nguyện an lạc hạnh.
Tứ ân. The four
debts of gratitude: (1) Ân cha mẹ debt of
gratitude to one's parents; (2) Ân chúng sinh
debt of gratitude to all living creatures; (3) Ân
quốc vương debt of gratitude to the rulers of the
nation; (4) Ân Tam bảo debt of gratitude to the
Triple Gems (Buddha, Sangha and Dharma).
Tứ ba la di. The
four pàràjikas, or grievous sins of monks or
nuns: (1) dâm giới abrahmacarya, sexual
immorality, or bestiality; (2) đạo giới
adattàdàna, stealing; (3) sát giới
vadha(himsà), killing; (4) đại vọng ngữ
giới taramanusvadharma-pralàpa, false speaking.
Also tứ trọng, tứ cực trọng hoặc
đọa tội.
Tứ bản chỉ quán.
The four books of Thiên Thai on meditation: Ma ha
chỉ quán,Thiền ba la mật, Lục diệu môn,
Tọa thiền pháp yếu.
Tứ bạo thủy. Four
violent torrents of water.
Tứ bất khả
đắc. The four unattainables, perpetual youth,
no sickness, perennial life, no death.
Tứ bất khả khinh.
The four that may not be treated lightly: a prince
though young, a snake though small, a fire though
tiny, anf above all a "novice" though a
beginner, for he may become an arhat.
Tứ bất khả tư
nghị. The four things of a Buddha which are
beyond human conception: thế giới his world,
chúng sinh his living beings, long his nàgas, and
Phật độ cảnh giới the bounds of his
Buddha-realm.
Tứ bất kiến.
The four invisibles - water to fish, wind (or air) to
man, the nature (of things) to the deluded, and the
không void to the ngộ enlightened, because he is
in his own element, and the void is beyond
conception.
Tứ bất sinh.
That a thing is not born or not produced of itself,
of another, of both, of neither.
Tứ bất thành.
Four forms of a siddha or incomplete statement, part
of the thirty three fallacies in logic.
Tứ bệnh. The
four aliments, or mistaken ways of seeking
protection: tác bệnh, works or effort; nhiệm
bệnh, laissez-faire; chỉ bệnh, cessation of all
mental operation; diệt bệnh, annihilation (of all
desire).
Tứ binh.
Catur-angabalakàya (S). The four divisions of a
cakravarti's troops: tượng binh hastikàya,
elephant; mã binh asvakàya, horse; xa binh
rathakàya, chariot; bộ binh pattikàya, foot.
Tứ bồ tát.
The four bodhisattvas: Quán Thế Âm
Avalokitesvara, Di Lặc Maitreya, Phổ Hiền
Samantabhadra, Văn Thù Manjusri. Also the four
chief bodhisattvas in the Garbhadhàtu. There are
also the Bản hóa tứ bồ tát of the Lotus
sùtra named Thượng Hạnh, Vô Biên Hạnh,
Tịnh Hạnh, and An Lạc Hạnh.
Tứ bộ chúng.
Four kinds of disciples of the Buddha.
Tứ cấm.
Parajika (S). Xem tứ ba la di.
Tứ cú. The four
terms, phrases, or four-line verses.
Tứ cú kệ.
Gàtha (S). A stanza of four-line verses.
Tứ cú phân
biệt. The four terms of differentiation, e.g.
of all things into hữu the existing; không non
existing; diệc hữu diệc không both; bất
hữu bất không neither; or phenomenal,
noumenal, both, neither. Also double, single, both,
neither; and other similar applications.
Tứ cú thành
đạo. The swan-song of an arhat, who has
attained to the perfect life. "Chư lậu dĩ
tận, Phạm hạnh dĩ lập, Sở tác dĩ
biện, Bất thụ hậu hữu". All rebirths
are ended, The noble life established, My work is
accomplished, No further existence is mine.
Tứ chấp. The
four erronous tenets. Also tứ tà, tứ mê.
Tứ châu.
Catur-dvipa (S). The four inhabited continents of
every universe; they are situated S. E. W. and N. of
the central mountain Sumeru: Nam Thiệm bộ châu
Jambùdvìpa, Đông thắng thần châu,
Pùrva-videha, Tây ngưu hóa châu,
Apara-godànìya, Bắc câu lư châu, Uttara
kuru.
Tứ chính cần.
Samyakprahàna (S). The four right efforts: (1)
điều dữ đã sinh trừ dứt đi, to put an
end to existing evil; (2) điều dữ chưa sinh
khiến cho chẳng sinh, prevent evil arising; (3)
điều lành chưa sinh khiến cho sinh ra, bring
good into existence; (4) điều lành đã sinh
khiến cho thêm lớn, develop existing good.
Tứ chính đoạn.
Xem tứ chính cần.
Tứ chúng. The
four varga (groups, or orders), i.e. tì khưu
bhiksu, monks; tì khưu ni bhiksuni, nuns; ưu bà
tắc upàsaka, male devotees; and ưu bà di
upàsikà, female devotees.
Tứ chủng. Four
kinds. Xem tứ tính.
Tứ chủng căn
bản tội. The four deadly sins. Xem tứ
chủng tam muội da.
Tứ chủng độc.
Xem tứ độc.
Tứ chủng sinh
tử. Four kinds of rebirth dependent on present
deeds: from obscurity and poverty to be reborn in the
same condition; from obscurity and poverty to be
reborn in light and honour; from light and honour to
be reborn in obscurity and poverty; from light and
honour to be reborn in heavens.
Tứ chủng tam muội
da. The four samaya, i.e. the four
pàràjanikas: killing, stealing, carnality, lying.
Tứ chủng tín
tâm. The four kinds of faith given in the
Khởi tín luận the Awakening of Faith: (1) in
the Chân như, as the teacher of all Buddhas and
fount of all actions; (2) in Buddha, or the Buddhas;
(3) in the Dharma; and (4) in the Sangha.
Tứ chủng thành
tựu pháp. The four kinds of altar-worship of
the esoteric sect for: (1) averting calamities from
self and others; (2) seeking good fortune; (3)
seeking the love and protection of Buddhas; (4
subduing enemies. Also tứ chủng đàn pháp,
tứ chủng tất địa.
Tứ chủng tổng
trì. The four kinds of dhàrani.
Tứ diệu đế.
Xem tứ đế.
Tứ dụ. The four
metaphors (of infinity, etc.): sơn cân the weight
of all mountains in pound; hải the drops in the
ocean; địa trần the atoms of dust in the earth;
không giới the extent of space.
Tứ dục. The
four desires or passions: tình dục sexual love;
sắc dục sexual beauty or attractiveness; thực
dục food; dâm dục lust.
Tứ đại.
Mahàbhùta (S). The four elements of which all
things are made: (1) Địa prithin, earth; (2) Thủy
apas, water; (3) Hỏa tjas, fire; (4) Phong vayu,
wind.
Tứ đại bất
điều. The inharmonious working of the four
elements in the body, which causes the 440 ailments.
Tứ đại bồ tát.
The four great Bodhisattvas of the Lotus sùtra,
i.e. Di Lặc Maitreya, Văn Thù Sư Lợi
Manjusri, Quán Thế Âm Avalokitesvara, and Phổ
Hiền Samantabhadra. Another list of previous
Bodhisattvas is: Thượng Hạnh Visistacàritra,
Vô Biên Hạnh Anantacàritra, Tịnh Hạnh
Vasudhacàritra, and An Lập Hạnh
Supratisthitacàritra.
Tứ đại bộ kinh.
Four great sùtras: Hoa Nghiêm, Niết Bàn
Nirvàna, Bảo Tích Mahàratnakùta, Bát Nhã
Prajnà.
Tứ đại châu.
The four great continents of a world.
Tứ đại danh sơn.
The four famous "hills" or monasteries in
China: Phổ Đà P'u T'o, for Quán thế Âm,
element water; Ngũ Đài Wu T'ai, Văn thù,
wind; Nga Mi O-mei, Phổ Hiền, fire; Cửu hoa
Chiu hua, Địa tạng, earth.
Tứ đại đệ
tử. The four great disciples of the Buddha:
Xá lợi phất Sariputra, Mục kiền liên
Mahà Maudgalyàyana, Tu bồ đề Subhùti, and
Ma ha Ca diếp Mahà Kàsyapa.
Tứ đại hải.
The four great oceans in a world, around Sumeru, in
which are the four great continents.
Tứ đại thiên
vương. Caturmahàràja, Lokapàla (S). The
four deva-kings of the four quarters, guardians in a
monastery. Xem tứ thiên vương.
Tứ đảo. Xem
tứ điên đảo.
Tứ đáp. The
Buddha's four methods of dealing with questions:
Tứ đẳng. The
four virtues which a Buddha out of his infinite heart
manifests equally to all. They are: từ, bi, hỉ,
xả. Another group is Tự, Ngữ, Pháp, Thân,
i.e. tự that all Buddhas have the same tittle or
tittles; ngữ speak the same language; pháp
proclaim the same truth; and thân have each the
threefold body or trikàya. A third group is chư
pháp all things are equally included in the
bhùtatathatà; phát tâm the mind nature being
universal, its field of action is universal; đạo
đẳng the way or method is also universal;
therefore từ bi the compassion (of the Buddha) is
universal for all. Also tứ vô lượng tâm.
Tứ đế.
Catvàri-àrya-satyàni (S). The Four Noble
Truths, the primary and fundamental doctrines of
Sakyamuni. The four are: (1) Khổ đế
dukkha-àrya-satya, The Noble Truth of Suffering;
(2) Tập đế dukkha-samudaya-àrya-satya, The
Noble Truth of the Cause of Suffering; (3) Diệt
đế dukkha-nirodha-àrya-satya, The Noble Truth of
the Cessation of Suffering; (4) Đạo đế
dukkha-nirodha-màrga-àrya- satya, The Noble Truth
of the Path leading to the Cessation of Suffering.
Also tứ chân đế, tứ diệu đế, tứ
thánh đế.
Tứ điên đảo.
The four viparvaya, i.e. inverted or false beliefs on
regard to Thường, Lạc, Ngã, Tịnh. There are
two groups: (1) The common belief in the four above,
denied by the early Buddhist doctrine that all is
impermanent, suffering, impersonal, and impure; (2)
The false belief of the Hìnayàna school that
nirvàna is not a state of permanence, joy,
personality, and purity.
Tứ điền. The
four fields for cultivating happiness: animals; the
poor; parents; the religion.
Tứ độ. The
four Buddha-ksetra, or realms, of Thiên Thai: (1)
Phàm thánh đồng cư độ, realms where all
classes dwell - men, devas, Buddhas, disciples,
non-disciples; it has two divisions, the impure, e.g.
this world, and the pure, e.g. the Western Pure land.
(2) Phương tiện hữu dư độ, temporary
realms, where the occupants have got rid of the evils
of kiến tư unenlightened views and thoughts, but
still have to be reborn. (3) Thật báo vô
chướng ngại độ, realm of permanent reward
and freedom for those who have attained to
bodhisattva rank. (4) Thường tịch quang độ,
realm of eternal rest and light (i.e. wisdom) and of
eternal spirit (dharmakàya), the abode of Buddhas;
but in reality all the others are included in this,
and are only separated for convenience sake.
Tứ độc tiễn.
The four poisonous arrows: desire, anger, ignorance,
pride.
Tứ độc xà.
Four poisonous snakes (in the basket), e.g. the four
elements earth, water, fire and air, of which a man
is formed.
Tứ đức. The
four nirvàna virtues, or values according to the
Mahàyàna Nirvàna sùtra: (1) Thường
permanence or eternity; (2) Lạc joy; (3) Ngã
personality; (4) Tịnh purity. The four important
terms, while denied in the lower realms, are affirmed
by the sùtra in the transcendental or
nirvàna-realm.
Tứ đức ba la
mật. The joyful realm or acme of the tứ
đức, the nirvàna-realm, the abode of
dharmakàya ođ the Tathàgata.
Tứ gia hạnh.
Xem tứ thiện căn.
Tứ giác. The
four "intelligences, or apprehensions" of
the Awakening of Faith Khởi Tín Luận: bản
giác, tương tự giác, tùy phần giác and
cứu kính giác.
Tứ hành. The
four disciplinary processes: enlightenment; good
deeds; wisdom; and worship.
Tứ hoa. The four
(divine) flowers: mạn đà la mandàra, ma ha
mạn đà la mahàmandàra, mạn thù sa
manjùsaka, ma ha mạn thù sa mahàmanjùsaka.
Also pundarìka, utpala, padma, and kumuda, or white,
blue, red, and yellow lotuses.
Tứ hoằng thệ
nguyện. The four universal vows of a Buddha or
bodhisattva: Chúng sinh vô biên thệ nguyện
độ, to save all living beings without limit;
Phiền não vô tận thệ nguyện đoạn, to
put an end to all passions and delusions however
numerous; Pháp môn vô lượng thệ nguyện
học, to study and learn all methods and means
without end; Phật đạo vô thượng thệ
nguyện thành, to become perfect in the Supreme
Buddha Law. The four vows are considered as arising
one by one out of the Four Noble Truths Tứ Diệu
Đế.
Tứ hộ thế.
Xem tứ thiên vương.
Tứ hướng. The
four stages in Hìnayàna sanctity: tu đà hoàn
srota-àpanna, tư đà hàm sakrdàgàmin; a na
hàm, anàgàmin; and a la hán, arhan.
Tứ hữu vi
tướng. The four functioning forms: sinh
birth, trụ stay, dị change, diệt extinction.
Tứ kết. The
four knots, or bonds, samyojana, which hinder free
development.
Tứ khổ. The
four miseries, or sufferings, sinh birth; lão age;
bệnh disease; and tử death.
Tứ không xứ.
Catur-àrùpya (brahma) loka (S). The four
immaterial or formless heavens, arùpa-dhàtu,
above the eighteen brahmalokas: (1) không vô
biên xứ àkàsàmantyàyatana, the sate or
heaven of boundless space; (2) thức vô biên
xứ vijnànanàntyàyatana, of boundless
knowledge; (3) vô sở hữu xứ
àkincanyàyatana, of nothing or non existence; (4)
phi tưởng phi phi tưởng xứ
naivasanjnànà-sanjnàyatana, the state of
neither thinking nor not thinking.
Tứ kiếp. The
four kalpas, or epochs, of a world, thành kiếp
that of formation and completion; trụ kiếp
existing or abiding; hoại kiếp destruction; and
không kiếp annihilation, or the succeeding void.
Tứ liệu giản.
A summary of the Lâm Tế tông in reference to
subjective, objective, both, neither.
Tứ lô. The four
furnaces, or altars of the esoteric cult, each
differing in shape: earth, square; water, round;
fire, triangular; wind, half-moon shape.
Tứ luận. Four
famous sàstras: (1) Trung quán luận
Prànyamùla-sàstratìka by Long Thọ
Nàgàrjuna; (2) Bách luận Sata-sàstra by
Đề Bà Devabodhisattva; (3) Thập nhị môn
luận Dvàdasanikàya-(mukha)-sàstra by
Nàgàrjuna; (4) Đại trí độ luận
Mahàprajnàparàmità-sàstra by Nàgàrjuna.
Tứ lực. The
four powers for attaining enlightenment: tự lực
independent personal power; tha lực power derived
from others; nhân duyên lực power of past good
karma; phương tiện lực power arising from
environment.
Tứ lưu. The four
currents (that carry the unthinking along); i.e. the
illusions of kiến seeing things as they seem, not
as they really are; dục desires; hữu existence,
life; vô minh ignoranve, or an unlightened
condition.
Tứ minh. Four
Chân ngôn Shingon emblems, aids to
Yoga-possession by a Buddha or bodhisattva; they are
câu a hook, thằng a cord, tỏa a lock, and linh
a bell; the hook for summoning, the cord for leading,
the lock for firmly holding, and the bell for
resultant joy. Also the four Veda sàstras: Thọ
Minh, Rig-Veda; Tự Minh,Yajur-Veda; Bình Minh,
Sama-Veda; Thuật Minh, Artharva-Veda.
Tứ nhân quán
thế. The world from four points of view: that
of men in general -its pleasure, thoughtlessly; of
sràvakas and pratyekabuddhas, as a burning house,
uneasily; of bodhisattvas as an empty flower; of
Buddha, as mind, all things being for (or of)
intelligent mind.
Tứ nhất. The
four "ones", or the unity contained
(according to Thiên Thai) in the Phương tiện
phẩm of the Lotus sùtra; i.e giáo nhất its
teaching of one vehicle; hành nhất the sole
bodhisattva procedure; nhân nhất its men all and
only as bodhisattva; lí nhất its one ultimate
truth of the reality of all existence.
Tứ nhiếp pháp.
Catuh-samgraha-vastu (S). Four all-embracing
(bodhisattva) virtues: (1) bố thí dàna, giving
what others like, in order to lead them to love and
receive the truth; (2) ái ngữ priyavacana,
affectionate speech, with the same purpose; (3)
lợi hành arthakrtya, conduct profitable to
others, with the same purpose; (4) đồng sự
samànàrthatà, co-operation with and adaptation
of oneself to others, to lead them into the truth.
Tứ nhiếp bồ
tát. The four Bodhisattvas in the
Vajradhàtu with the hook, the rope, the chain and
the bell whose office is to hóa tha convert the
living. Also tứ nhiếp chúng, tứ nhiếp kim
cương.
Tứ như ý túc.
Rddhipàda (S). The four steps to rddhi, or
supernatural powers, making the body independent of
ordinary or natural law. The four steps are said to
be tứ chủng thiền định four kinds of
dhyàna, but there are several definitions e.g.
dục như ý túc chanda-rddhi-pàda, desire (for
intensive longing, or concentration); cần như ý
túc vìrya-r-p., energy (or intensified effort);
tâm như ý túc citta-r-p., memory (or intense
holding on to the position reached); quán như ý
túc mimàmsa-r-p., meditation (or survey, the
state of dhyàna). Also tứ thần túc.
Tứ niệm châu.
The four classes of "prayer-beads"
numbering 27, 54, 108, 1080.
Tứ niệm trụ.
Xem tứ niệm xứ.
Tứ niệm xứ.
Smrti-upasthàna (S). The fourfold stage of
mindfulness, or meditation that follows the Ngũ
đình tâm quán fivefold procedure for quieting
the mind. This fourfold method, or objectivity of
thought, is for stimulating the mind in ethical
wisdom. It consists of contemplating: (1) quán
thân bất tịnh the body as impure and utterly
filthy; (2) quán thụ thị khổ sensation, or
consciousness, as always resulting in suffering; (3)
quán tâm vô thường mind as impermanent,
merely one sensation after another; (4) quán pháp
vô ngã things in general as being dependent and
without a nature of their own. The four negate the
ideas of permanence, joy, personality and purity.
Tứ oai nghi. Four
respect-inspiring forms of demeanour in walking,
standing, sitting, lying.
Tứ oán. The
four enemies - the passions-and-delusions màras
dục ma; death màra tử ma; the five-skandhas
màra ngũ ấm ma; and the supreme màra-king
thiên ma.
Tứ phạm trụ.
The noble stage of từ bi hỉ xả love, pity, joy
and indifference
Tứ pháp. There
are several groups of four dharmas:(I) (1) Giáo
pháp, the teachinh of Buddha; (2) Lí pháp, its
principles, or meaning; (3) Hạnh pháp, its
practice; (4) Quả pháp, its fruit or rewards.
(II) Another group relates to Bodhisattvas: (1) Bất
xả Bồ đề tâm, their never losing the
bodhi-mind; (2) Bất xả thiện tri thức or the
wisdom attained; (3) Bất xả kham nhẫn ái,
lạc, or perseverence in progress; (4) Bất xả a
lan nhã, or the monastic forest life. (III) Also
tín faith, giải discernment, hạnh performance,
and chứng assurance. (IV) A "Lotus"
division of tứ pháp is the answer to a question
of Phổ Hiền Samantabhadra how the Lotus is to be
possessed after the Buddha's demise, i.e. by thought
(or protection) of the Buddha; the cultivation of
virtue; enter into correct dhyàna; and having a
mind to save all creatures.
Tứ pháp ấn.
The seal or impession of the four dogmas: suffering,
impermanence, non ego, nirvàna.
Tứ pháp bản
mạt. The alpha and omega in four laws or dogmas
- that nothing is permanent, that all things involve
suffering, that there is no personality, andthat
nirvàna is eternal rest.
Tứ pháp giới.
The four dharma-realms of Hoa Nghiêm school: (1)
Sự pháp giới, the phenomenal realm, with
differentiation; (2) Lí pháp giới, noumenal,
with unity; (3) Lí sự vô ngại pháp giới,
both lí noumenal and sự phenomenal are
interdependent; (4) Sự sự vô ngại pháp
giới, phenomena are also interdependent.
Tứ phần. The
Pháp tướng Dharmalaksana school divides the
function of Thức consciousness into four, i.e.
tướng phần mental phenoma, kiến phần
discriminating such phenomena, tự chứng phần
the power that discriminates, and chứng tự
chứng phần the proof or assurance of that power.
Another group is tín faith, giải liberty, hành
action, and chứng assurance or realization.
Tứ phần luật.
The four-division Vinaya or discipline of the
Dharmagupta school, divided into four sections.
Tứ phần tăng
giới bản. Extracts from the Tứ phần
luật for use on days when the discipline is
recited.
Tứ phiền não.
The four delusions in reference to the ego: ngã si
ignorance in regard to the ego; ngã kiến holding
to the ego ides; ngã mạn self-esteem, egotism,
pride; ngã ái self-seeking, or desire, both the
latter arising from belief in the ego.
Tứ phọc, phược.
The four bandhana, or bonds: (1) desire, resentment,
heretical morality, egoism; (2) desire, possession
(or existence), ignorance, and unenlightened views.
Tứ phương.
Caturdisà (S). Belonging to the four directions.
Tứ quả. The
four phala, i.e. fruition, or rewards: tu đà
hoàn quả srota-àpanna phala; tư đà hàm
quả sakradàgàmi-phala; a na hàm quả
anàgàmi-phala; a la hán quả arhat-phala.
Tứ sinh.
Catur-yoni (S). The four forms of birth: (1) thai
sinh jaràyuja, viviparous, as with mammalia; (2)
noãn sinh andaja, oviparous, as with birds; (3)
thấp sinh samsvedaja, moisture, or water-born, as
with worms and fishes; (4) hóa sinh aupapàduka,
metamorphic, as with moths from the chrysalis, or
with devas, or in the hells.
Tứ sơn. Like
four closing-in mountains are birth, age, sickness,
and death.
Tứ sự. The
four necessaries of a monk - clothing, victuals,
bedding, medicines.
Tứ sự cúng
dường. The four offerings or provisions for a
monk.
Tứ sự pháp
môn. Four methods of a bodhisattava's
preparation for preaching the Law: -entry into
meditation; into wisdom; into complete moral control;
and into clear discernment or reasoning biện tài
môn.
Tứ tầm từ
quán. A study or contemplation of the Pháp
Tướng Tông Dharmalaksana sect, on danh the
terms used, nghĩa the meanings of the things or
phenomena, tự tính the nature of the things, sai
biệt their differentiation.
Tứ tất đàn.
The four siddhànta. The Buddha taught by: (1) Thế
giới tất đàn mundane or ordinary mode of
expression; (2) Vị nhân tất đàn individual
treatment, adapting his teaching to the capacity of
his hearers; (3) Đối trị tất đàn diagnostic
treatment of their moral diseases; (4) and Đệ
nhất nghĩa tất đàn the perfect and highest
truth.
Tứ thánh.
The four kinds of holy men: thanh văn sràvakas,
duyên giác pratyeka-buddhas, bồ tát
bodhisattvas, Phật Buddhas.
Tứ thánh đế.
The four holy or noble truths.
Tứ thánh hạnh.
The four holy ways: phấn tảo y wearing rags from
dust-heaps; khất thực begging for food; thụ
hạ sitting under tress; and thân tâm tịch
tĩnh entire withdrawal from the world.
Tứ tháp. The
four stupas at the places of Buddha's birth,
Kapilavastu; enlightenment Magadha; preaching,
Benares; and parinirvàna, Kusinagara.
Tứ thân. The
four kàya, or "bodies". The
Lankàvatàra sùtra gives Hóa Phật; Công
Đức Phật; Trí Tuệ Phật; and Như Như
Phật; the first is hóa thân nirmànakàya,
the second and third báo thân sambhogakàya, and
the fourth pháp thân dharmakàya. The Duy
Thức Luận gives: Tự Tính Thân, Tha Thụ
Dụng Thân, Tự Thụ Dụng Thân, and Biến
Hóa Thân; the first being pháp thân, the
second and third báo thân, and the fourth hóa
thân. The Thiên Thai Tông gives: pháp thân,
báo thân, ứng thân, hóa thân.
Tứ thần túc.
Xem tứ như ý túc.
Tứ thập.
Catvàrimsat (S) Forty
Tứ thập bát
nguyện. The forty eight vows of Amitabha
Buddha.
Tứ thập cửu
nhật. The seven times seven days of funeral
services; the forty ninth day.
Tứ thập cửu
tăng, đăng. The service to Dược Sư
Phật the Master of Healing, when forty nine lamps
are displayed and forty nine monks engaged; seven of
his images are used, seven of the lamps being placed
before each image.
Tứ thập nhị
chương kinh. Dvàchatvàrmsat-khanda-sùtra
(S) The "Sùtra of Forty two sections
"generally attributed to Kàsyapa Màtanga and
Gobharana, the first Indian monks to arrive
officially in China.
Tứ thập nhị phẩm
vô minh. The forty two species of ignorance
which, according to Thiên Thai, are to be cut off
seriatim in the forty two stages.
Tứ thập nhị vị.
The forty two stages, i.e. all above the thập tín
of the fifty two stages.
Tứ thập nhị tự
môn. The doctrine of the forty two Siddham
letters as given in the Hoa Nghiêm and Bát Nhã
kinh.
Tứ thập vị.
The "forty bodhisattva positions" of the
Phạm Võng Kinh. They are classified into four
groups: (1) Thập phát thú, ten initial stages,
i.e. the minds tâm of abandoning things of the
world, of keeping the moral law, patience, zealous
progress, dhyàna, wisdom, resolve, guarding (the
Law), joy and spiritual baptism by the Buddha. These
are associated with the thập trụ. (2) Thập
trưởng dưỡng, ten stages in the nourishment
of perfection, i.e. minds of kinfness, pity, joy,
relinquishing, almsgiving, good discourse,
benefiting, friendship, dhyàna, wisdom. These are
associated with the thập hạnh.; (3) thập kim
cương, ten "diamond" step of firmness,
i.e. a mind of faith, remembrance, bestowing one's
merits on others, understanding, uprightness,
no-retreat, mahàyàna, formlessness, wisdom,
indestructibility. These are associated with the
thập hồi hướng. (4) Thập địa, xem thập
địa.
Tứ thiên hạ.
The four quarters or continents of the world.
Tứ thiên vương.
Catur-mahàràjàs, Lokapalas (S). The four
deva-kings. Indra's external "generals" who
dwell each on a side of Mount Meru, and who ward off
from the world the attacks of malicious spirits, or
asuras, hence their name Hộ thế Tứ Thiên
Vương, the four deva-kings, guardians of the world.
Their abode is the Tứ Thiên Vương thiên
catur-mahàràjàs-kàyikas; and their titles
are: (1) East, Trì quốc Thiên Vương
Dhrtaràstra, Deva who keeps (his) kingdom, white.
(2) South, Tăng trưởng Thiên Vương
Virùdhaka, Deva of increase and growth, blue. (3)
West, Quảng mục Thiên Vương Virùpaksa, the
broad-eyed Deva, red. (4) North, Đa văn Thiên
Vương Vaisravana or Dhadana, the Deva who hears
much and is well versed, colour yellow. He is a form
of Kuvera, the god of wealth.
Tứ thiền thiên.
The four dhyàna heavens, tứ tĩnh lự thiên,
i.e. the division of the eighteen brahmalokas into
four dhyànas; the disciple attain to one of these
heavens according to the dhyàna he observes: (1)
Sơ thiền thiên, the first region, "as large
as one whole universe", comprises the three
heavens: (a) Phạm chúng thiên,
Brahma-pàrisadya; (b) Phạm phụ thiên
Brahma-purohita; (c) Đại Phạm thiên,
Mahàbrahma; the inhabitants are without gustatory
or olfactory organs, not needing food, but possess
the other four of the six organs. (2) Nhị thiền
thiên, the second region, equal to "a small
chiliocosmo", comprises the three heavens: (a)
Thiểu quang thiên Parittabha, minor light; (b)
Vô lượng quang thiên Apramànàbha,
infinite light; (c) Quang âm thiên Abhàsvara,
utmost light purity; the inhabitants have ceased to
require the five physical organs, possessing only the
organ of mind. (3) Tam thiền thiên, the third
region, equal to "a midding chiliocosmo",
comprises the three heavens: (a) Thiểu tịnh
thiên Parittàsubha, minor purity; (b) Vô
lượng tịnh thiên Apramànasubha, infinite
purity; (c) Biến tịnh thiên Subhakrtsna,
universal purity; the inhabitants still have the
organ of mind and are receptive of great joy. (4)
Tứ thiền thiên, the fourth region, equal to
"a great chiliocosmo", comprises the
remaining nine Brahmalokas, namely:(a) Phúc sinh
thiên Punyaprasava, felicitous birth; (b) Vô
vân thiên Anabhraka, cloudless; (c) Quảng quả
thiên Brhatphala, large fruitage; (d) Vô phiền
thiên Asanjnisattva, no vexations; (e) Vô nhiệt
thiên Atapa, no heat. (f) Vô tưởng thiên
Avrha, the heaven above thought; (g) Thiện kiến
thiên Sudrsa, beutiful to see; (h) Thiện hiện
Sudarsana, beautiful appearing; (i) Sắc cứu
kính thiên Akanistha the end of form; the
inhabitants of this fourth region still have mind.
The number of the dhyàna heavens differs; the
Sarvàstivàdins say 16, the Sùtra school 17, and
the Sthaviràh 18.
Tứ thiền bát
định. The four dhyànas-concentrations,
i.e. four on the form-realms, and four on the
formless-realms.
Tứ thiện căn.
Catus-kusala-mùla (S). The four good roots, or
source from which spring good fruit or development.
In Hìnayàna they form the stage after Biệt
tướng niệm trụ as represented by the Câu
Xá and Thành Thật; in Mahàyàna it is the
final stage of the Thập hồi hướng as
represented by the Pháp Tướng Tông. There are
also four similar stages connected with sravàka,
pratyekabuddha and Buddha styled Tam Phẩm Tứ
Thiện Căn. The four of the Câu Xá Tông are
Noãn pháp, Đỉnh pháp, Nhẫn pháp and Thế
đệ nhất pháp. The four of the Thành Thật
Tông are the same. The Pháp Tướng Tông
retains the same four terms but connects them with
the four dhyàna stages of the Chân Duy Thức
Quán in its four first Gia Hạnh developments.
Tứ thú. Durgati
(S). The four evil directions, or destinations:
hells, hungry ghosts, animals, and asuras.
Tứ thủ.
Catuh-paràmarsas (S). The four attachments, i.e.
desire, unenlightened views, (fakir) morals, and
ideas arising from the conception of the self.
Tứ thừa. The
goat, deer and ox carts and the great white bullock
cart of the Lotus sùtra. Xem tứ xa.
Tứ thực. The
four kinds of food, i.e. đoàn thực for the body
and its senses; xúc thực for the emotions; tư
thực for thought; and thức thực for wisdom.
Tứ thực thì.
The four times for food, i.e. for the deva at dawn,
of all Buddhas at noon, of animals in the evening,
and of demons and ghosts at night.
Tứ tính. The
four Indian castes: (1) Bà la môn bràhmana,
priestly, born from the mouth; (2) Sát đế lợi
ksatriya, military and ruling, born from the
shoulders; (3) Phệ xá vaisya, farmers and
traders, born from the flanks; and (4) Thủ đà la
sùdra, serf, born from the feet of Brahmà.
Tứ tính hạnh.
The four kinds of conduct natural to a Bodhisattva,
that arising from: (1) Tự tính hạnh his native
goodness; (2) Nguyện tính hạnh his vow-nature;
(3) Thuận tính hạnh his compliant nature, i.e.
to the six pàramitàs; and (4) Chuyển tính
hạnh his transforming nature, i.e. his powers of
conversion or salvation.
Tứ trí.
The four forms of wisdom of a Buddha according to the
Pháp Tướng tông Dharmalaksana school: (1)
Đại viên cảnh trí the great mirror wisdom of
Aksokhya; (2) Bình đẳng tính trí the universal
wisdom of Ratnaketu; (3) Diệu quan sát trí the
profound observing wisdom of Amitàbha; (4) Thành
sở tác trí the perfecting wisdom of
Amoghasiddhi. There are various other groups.
Tứ trọng (cấm).
The four grave prohibitions, or sins. Tứ chủng
tội pàràjikàs: killing, stealing, carnality,
lying. All four of the esoteric sect. i.e. discarding
the truth; discarding the bodhi-mind; being mean or
selfish in regard to the supreme law; injuring the
living.
Tứ trọng bát
trọng. The four pàràjikàs for monks and
eight for nuns.
Tứ trụ. The
four abodes or stages in the Trí độ luận: (1)
Thiên trụ, the devalokas, equivalents of charity,
morality, abd goodness of heart; (2) Phạm trụ the
brahmalokas, equivalents of benevolence, pity, joy,
and indifference; (3) Thánh trụ, the abode of
sràvakas, pratyekabuddhas and bodhisattvas,
equivalent of the samàdhi of the immaterial realm,
formless and still; (4) Phật trụ, the
Buddha-abode, the equivalent of the samàdhi ođ the
infinite.
Tứ trụ địa.
The four stages or conditions found in mortality,
wherein are the delusions of misleading views and
desires. They are: (1) Kiến nhất thiết trụ
địa, the delusions arising from seeing things as
they seem, not as they really are; (2) Dục ái
trụ địa, the desires in the desire-realm; (3)
Sắc ái trụ địa, the desires in the
form-realm; (4) Hữu ái trụ địa, the desires
in the formless-realm. When Vô minh trụ địa,
the state of ignorance, is added we have the Ngũ
trụ địa, five states.
Tứ tuệ. The
four kinds of wisdom received: (1) by birth, or
nature; (2) by hearing or being taught; (3) by
thought; (4) by dhyàna motivation.
Tứ tuyệt. The
four ideas to be got rid of in order to obtain the
"mean" or ultimate reality, according to
the trung luận; they are that things exist, do not
exist, both, neither.
Tứ tự tại.
The four sovereign powers: giới the moral law;
thần thôngsupernatural powers; trí knowledge;
and tuệ wisdom.
Tứ tự xâm.
The four self-raidings, or self-injuries: in youth
not to study from morn till night; in advancing years
not to cease sexual intercourse; wealthy and not
being charitable; not accepting the Buddha's
teaching.
Tứ tướng. The
four avasthà, or states of all phenomena, sinh
birth, trụ being, dị change (i.e. decay), diệt
death, also tứ hữu vi tướng. There are
several groups, e.g. quả báo tứ tướng
birth, age, disease, death. Also tàng thức tứ
tướng of the "Awakening of Faith"
(Khởi tín luận), referring to the initiation,
continuation, change, and cessation of the
Alaya-vijnàna. Also ngã nhân tứ tướng.
The ideas: (1) ngã tướng, that there is an ego;
(2) nhân tướng, that man is different from
other organism; (3) chúng sinh tướng, that all
the living are produced by the skandhas; (4) thọ
giả tướng, that life is limited to the
organism.
Tứ vị. The four
"tastes", the Thiên Thai definition of
the four periods of the Buddha's teaching preliminary
to the fifth, i.e. that of the Lotus sùtra.
Tứ vô lượng.
Catvàri-apramànàni (S). The four immeasurables,
or infinite Buddha states of mind, also styled tứ
đẳng the four equalities, or universals, and tứ
phạm hạnh four noble acts or characteristics;
i.e. four of the twelve thiền dhyànas (1) từ
vô lượng tâm maitri, boundless kindness, or
bestowing of joy and happiness; (2) bi vô lượng
tâm karuna, boundless pity, to save from suffering;
(3) hỉ vô lượng tâm mudità, boundless joy,
or seeing others rescued from suffering; (4) xả
vô lượng tâm upeksa, limitless indifference,
i.e. rising above these emotions, or giving up all
things, e.g. distinctions of friend anf enemy, love
and hate, etc. Also styled the four sublime states:
loving-kindness, compassion, sympathetic joy,
equanimity.
Tứ vô ngại trí.
Pratisamvid (S). The four unhindered or unlimited
bodhisattva powers of interpretation, or reasoning,
i.e. (1) pháp vô ngại trí dharma, in the
letter of the law; (2) nghĩa vô ngại trí artha,
its meaning; (3) từ vô ngại trí nirukti, in
any language, or form of expression; (4) lạc
thuyết vô ngại trí pratibhàna, in eloquence
or pleasure in speaking, or argument.
Tứ vô sắc định.
The last four of the twelve dhyànas, the ecstatic
entry into the four states represented by the four
dhyàna-heavens, i.e. tứ không xứ. In the
first, the mind becomes void and vast like space; in
the second the powers of perception and understanding
are unlimited; in the third, the discriminative
powers of mind are subdued; in the fourth, the realm
of consciousness without thought is reached, e.g.
intuitive wisdom.
Tứ vô thường
kệ. Eight stanzas in the Nhân Vương Kinh,
two each on Vô thường impermenence, Khổ
suffering, Không the void, and Vô ngã non
personaliy; the whole four sets embodying the
impermanence of all things.
Tứ vô úy. The
four kinds of fearlessness, or courage, of which
there are two groups: Buddha-fearlessness arises
from: (1) nhất thiết trí vô sở úy, his
omniscience; (2) lậu tận vô sở úy,
perfection of character; (3) thuyết chướng
đạo vô sở úy, overcoming opposition; (4)
thuyết tận khổ đạo vô sở úy, and
ending of suffering. Bodhisattva-fearlessness arises
from: (1) tổng trì bất vong, thuyết pháp
vô úy, powers of memory; (2) tận tri pháp
dược cập tri chúng sinh căn dục, tính
tâm, thuyết pháp vô úy, of moral diagnosis
and application of the remedy; (3) thiện năng
vấn đáp, thuyết pháp vô úy, of
ratiocination; (4) năng đoạn vật nghi,
thuyết pháp vô úy, and of solving doubts.
Tứ y. The four
necessaries or things on which the religious rely.
The four of ascetic practitioners: rag clothing;
begging for food; sitting under trees; purgatives and
diuretics as moral and spiritual means.
Tứ y pháp. The
four dharmas on which the Buddhists rely: (1) Y
pháp bất y nhân, the truth which is eternal,
rather than man (2) Y nghĩa bất y ngữ, the
meaning, or spirit, not the letter; (3) Y trí bất
y thức, wisdom, i.e. Buddha wisdom rather than
mere knowledge. (4) Y liễu nghĩa kinh, bất y
bất liễu nghĩa kinh, the sùtras of perfect
meaning.
Tứ yếu phẩm.
The four most important chapters of the Lotus
sùtra: Phương tiện phẩm, An lạc hạnh
phẩm, Thọ lượng phẩm, and Phổ môn
phẩm. This is Thiên Thai's selection.
Từ. Maitrì (S).
Mother, loving-kindness. Affection (as that of a
mother), tenderness.
Từ ái. To love
tenderly; compassion.
Từ ân.
Compassion and grace, meciful favour. Name of a
temple in Lạc Dương, under the Đường
dynasty, which gave its name to Khuy Cơ, founder of
the Pháp Tướng Tông, known also as Từ Ân
tông and Duy Thức tông. He was a disciple of
and collaborator with Huyền Trang.
Từ bi.
Loving-kindness and compassion. Compassion and pity,
merciful, compassionate.
Từ, Bi, Hỉ, Xả.
Loving kindness, Compassion, Joy, Equanimity.
Từ bi quán. The
compassion-contemplation, in which pity destroys
resentment.
Từ bi vạn hạnh.
Tender compassion in all things, or with compassion
all things succeed.
Từ bi y.
Compassionate garment, the monk's robe.
Từ hàng. The
bark of mercy. To cross the sea of sorrows.
Từ kính.
Loving-reverence.
Từ lực.
Maitribala (S). Meciful virtue, or power.
Từ lực vương.
Maitribala-ràja (S). King of merciful power, a
former incarnation of the Buddha.
Từ mẫu.
Affectionate, loving mother.
Từ Minh. A noted
monk of the Tống (Sung) dynasty.
Từ môn. The
gate of mercy, Buddhism.
Từ nghiêm.
Compassion and strictness, the maternal-cum-paternal
spirit.
Từ nhãn. The
compassionate eye (of Buddha).
Từ nhẫn.
Compassion and patience, compassionate tolerance.
Từ phụ.
Affectionate, fond father.
Từ quang. Meciful
light, that of the Buddhas.
Từ tâm. A
compassionate heart, loving-kind heart.
Từ tâm bất sát.
Lokecvra (S). Not killing because of the
compassionate heart.
Từ tâm tam muội.
Contemplation on the compassionate mind, meditation
to develop the compassionate heart.
Từ thị. The
compassionate one, Maitreya.
Từ tôn. The
compassionate-honoured one, Maitreya.
Từ thị Bồ tát.
Maitreya Bodhisattva.
Từ thiện.
Charity.
Từ thủy. Mercy
as water fertilizing the life.
Từ tử. Sons of
compassion, i.e. the disciples of Maitreya.
Từ vân. The
over-spreading, fructifying cloud of compassion, the
Buddha's heart. Also, the name of a noted Tống
monk.
Từ y.
The mind or spirit of compassion and kindness.
Tử. Marana, mrta
(S). To die, death; dead.
Tử hải. The
ocean of mortality.
Tử hỏa. Death
is a fire disaster.
Tử khổ. The
misery, or pain, of death.
Tử ma.
Death-màra.
Tử môn. The
gate or border of death.
Tử phong. The
destroying wind in the final destruction of the
world.
Tử sinh. Death
and life, mortality, transmigration.
Tử tặc. The
robber death.
Tử tướng. The
appearance of death.
Tử tưởng.
Death contemplation.
Tử úy. The fear
of death.
Tử vong. Dead and
gone (or lost).
Tử vương. Yama,
as Lord of death and hell.
Tử kim quang tì
khưu ni.
Tự. Vihàra,
Sanghàràma (S). An official hall, a temple,
adopted by Buddhists for a monastery. Tự viện.
Monastery grounds and buildings, a monastery.
Tự. Aksara (S). A
letter, character. Tự tướng tự nghĩa, word
form word meaning, differentiated by the esoteric
sect for its own ends.
Tự. Preface. Also
tựa, bài tựa, tự phần.
Tự. Sva, svayam
(S). The self, one's own, personal; of itself,
naturally, of course; also from (i.e. from the self
as central). Tự is used as the opposite of Tha
another, other's, etc.
Tự ái.
Self-love, cause of all pursuit or seeking, which in
turn causes all suffering.
Tự chứng. The
witness within, inner assurance.
Tự chứng thánh
trí. Pratyàtmàryajnàna (S). Personal
apprehension of Buddha-truth.
Tự chứng thân.
A tittle of Vairocana, his dharmakàya of
self-assurance, or realization, from which issues his
retenue of proclaimers of the truth.
Tự điều tự
tịnh tự độ. The sràvaka method of
salvation by personal discipline, or
"works": tự điều, self-progress by
keeping the commandments; tự tịnh,
self-purification by emptying the mind; tự độ,
self-release by the attainment of gnosis, or wisdom.
Tự giác ngộ
tâm. A mind independent of externals, pure
thought, capable of enlightenment from within.
Tự giác thánh
trí. The uncaused omniscience of Vairocana. Also
called pháp giới thể tính trí, kim cương
trí.
Tự hành hóa tha.
To discipline, or perform, oneself and (or in order
to) convert or transform others. Xem tự lợi
lợi tha.
Tự lợi.
Atmahitam (S). Self-profit; beneficial to oneself.
Tự lợi lợi tha.
"Self-profit profits others", i.e. the
essential nature and work of a bodhisattva, to
benefit himself and benefit others, or himself press
forward in the Buddhist life in order to carry others
forward.
Tự lực. One's
own strength, as contrasted with tha lực the
strength of another.
Tự nhiên.
Svayambhù (S). Also tự nhĩ, pháp nhĩ.
Self-existing, the self-existent; Self so, so of
itself, natural, of course, spontaneous. Uncaused
existence.
Tự nhiên hư vô
thân. A Buddha's spiritual or absolute body,
his dharmakàya; also those who are born in
Paradise, i.e. who are spontaneously and
independently produced there.
Tự nhiên ngoại
đạo. Sect of heretics denying Buddhist cause
and effect and holding that things happen
spontaneously.
Tự nhiên ngộ
đạo. Enlightenment by the inner light,
independent of external teaching; to become Buddha by
one's own power, e.g. Sàkyamuni who is called Tự
nhiên Thích Ca.
Tự nhiên thành
Phật đạo. Svayambhuvah (S). Independent
attainment to Buddhahood.
Tự nhiên trí.
The intuitive or inborn wisdom of a Buddha, untaught
to him and outside the causal nexus.
Tự nhiên từ.
Intuitive mercy possessed by a bodhisattva, untaught
and without causal nexus.
Tự tác tự thụ.
As one does one receives, every man receives the
reward of his deeds, creating his own karma.
Tự tại. Isvara
(S). Can, king, master sovereign, independent, royal;
intp. as free from resistance; also the mind free
from delusion.
Tự tại pháp
vương. Buddha.
Tự tại thiên.
Isvaradeva (S). A title of Siva, king of the devas,
also known as Đại tự tại thiên. Mahesvara
(S).
Tự tại vương.
A title of Vairocana.
Tự tại vương
Phật. Lokisvara-Buddha (S). Also Thế tự
tại vương Phật .
Tự tâm.
Svacitta (S). Self-mind, one's own mind.
Tự thụ dụng
độ. The third of the four Buddha-ksetra or
Buddha domains, that in which there is complete
response to his teaching and powers.
Tự thụ dụng
thân. One of the two kinds of sambhogakàya,
for his own enjoyment.
Tự thụ pháp
lạc. The dharma-delights a Buddha enjoys in the
above state.
Tự tính. Own
nature; of (its) own nature. As an intp. of
Pradhàna (and resembling chân tính). As
svabhàva, it is the self-substance, self nature, or
unchanging character of anything.
Tự tính giới.
The ten natural moral laws, i.e. which are natural to
man, apart from the Buddha's precepts; also tự
tính thiện.
Tự tính tam bảo.
The Triratna, each with its own characteristic,
Buddha being wisdom giác; the Law correctness
chính; and the Order purity tịnh.
Tự thệ thụ
giới. To make the vows and undertake the
commandments oneself (before the image of a Buddha),
i.e. self-ordination when unable to obtain ordination
from the ordained.
Tự thuyết kinh.
Udana (S).
Tự tứ.
Pravàrana (S). To follow one's own bent, the modern
term being tùy ý; it means the end of restraint,
i.e. following a period of retreat.
Tự tứ nhật.
The last day of the annual retreat.
Tự tướng,
Svalaksana (S). Individuality, particular,
personal as contrasted with cọng tướng genaral
or common.
Tức. To draw up
to, or near; approach; forthwith; to be; if, even if;
united together; bất nhị not two; bất li not
separate, inseparable.
Tức đắc.
Immediately to obtain, e.g. rebirth in the Pure Land,
or the new birth here and now.
Tức hữu tức
không. All things, or phenomena, are identical
with the void, or the noumenon.
Tức không tức
giả tức trung. All things are void, or
noumenal, are phenomenal, are medial, the three
meditations tam quán of Thiên Thai tông.
Tức li. Identity
and difference, agreement and disagreement.
Tức phi. Identity
and difference.
Tức sự nhi chân.
Phenomena are identical with reality, e.g. water and
wave.
Tức sự tức lí.
The identity of phenomena with their underlying
principle, e.g. body and spirit are a unity.
Tức tâm. Of the
mind, mental, i.e. all things are mental, and are not
apart from mind.
Tức tâm niệm
Phật. To remember, or call upon, Amtàbha
Buddha within the heart, which is his Pure Land.
Tức tâm thị
Phật. The identity of mind and Buddha, mind is
Buddha, the highest doctrine of Mahàyàna; the
negative form is phi tâm phi Phật no mimd no
Buddha, or apart from mind there is no Buddha.
Tức thân. The
doctrine of Chân Ngôn tông that the body is
also Buddha; in other words Buddha is not only tức
tâm mind, but body; hence tức thân thành
Phật. Tức thân bồ đề, the body is to
become (consciously) Buddha by Yoga practice.
Tức thời.
Immediately, forthwith.
Tức trung. The
via media is that which lies between or embraces both
the không and the giả, i.e. the void or noumenal,
and the phenomenal.
Tức tướng tức
tâm. Both form and mind are identical, e.g. the
Pure Land as a place is identical with the Pure Land
in the mind or heart - a doctrine of the Pure Land or
Jodo sect, Tịnh Độ.
Tương đãi. The
doctrine of mutual dependence or relativity of all
things for their existence, e.g. the triangle depends
on its three lines, the eye on things having colour
and form, long or short.
Tương đối.
Opposite, opposed; in comparison.
Tương nhập.
Mutual entry; the blending of things, eg. the common
light from many lamps.
Tương tục.
Santati (S). Continuity, especially of cause and
effect.
Tương tục giả.
Illusory ideas continuously succeed one another
producing other illusory ideas, one of the three
hypotheses of Thành thật luận.
Tương tục tâm.
Continuity of memory, or sensation, in regard to
agreeables or disagreeables, remaining through other
succeeding sensations.
Tương tục
thường. Nodal or successive continuity in
contrast with bất đoạn thường uninterrupted
continuity.
Tương tức.
Phenomenal identity, e.g. the wave is water and water
the wave.
Tương tự.
Alike, like, similar, identical. Tương tự
Phật, approximation or identity of the individual
and Buddha, a doctrine of Thiên Thai; the stage of
thập tín. Tương tự tức (Phật), one of
the six of such identities, similiarity in form.
Tương tự giác, the approximate enlightenment
which in the stage of thập trụ, thập hạnh,
and thập hồi hướng approximates to perfect
enlightenment by the subjection of all illusion; the
second of the four degrees of bodhi in the Awakening
of Faith Khởi tín luận.
Tương ưng A hàm.
Samyuktàgamas (S). Miscellaneous Agamas.
Tương ứng.
Response, correspond, tally, agreement, yukta, or
yoga intp. as khế hợp union of the tallies, one
agreeing or uniting with the others.
Tương ứng nhân.
Corresponding, or mutual causation, e.g. mind, or
mental conditions causing mentation, and vice-versa.
Tương ứng pháp.
The correspondence of mind with mental data dependent
on five correspondences common to both, i.e. the
senses, reasoning, process, time and object.
Tương ứng tông.
Yoga, the sect of mutual response between the man and
his object of worship resulting in correspondence in
body, mouth, and mind. It is a term for Chân Ngôn
tông.
Tướng. Laksana
(S). External appearance; the appearance of things;
form; a phenomenon hữu vi pháp in the sense of
appearance, mutual; to regard. The four forms taken
by every phenomenon are sinh rise, trụ stay, dị
chamge, diệt cease, i.e. sinh birth, lão old age,
bệnh sickness, tử death.
Tướng đại.
The greatness of the potentialities, or attributes of
the Tathàgata.
Tướng hảo.
Laksana-vyanjana (S). The thirty two tướng or
marks and the eighty hảo or signs on the physical
body of Buddha.
Tướng không.
The unreality of form; the doctrine that phenomena
have no reality in themselves.
Tướng luân.
The sign or form of wheels, also luân tướng,
i.e. the nine wheels or circles at the top of a
pagoda.
Tướng phần.
The part of laksana or objective appearance.
Tướng sư.
Physiognomist.
Tướng tông.
Xem Pháp tướng tông.
Tướng trí.
Knowledge derived from phenomena.
Tướng vô tính.
Unreal in phenomena, e.g. lông rùa turtle hair
and sừng thỏ rabbit's horns; the unreality of
phenomena, one of the tam vô tính.
Tượng.
Pratirùpa, pratirùpaka (S). Like, similar,
resemblance; semblance; image; portrait; form,
formal.
Tượng hóa. The
religion of the image or symbol, Buddhism.
Tượng pháp.
The second or formal period of the teaching of
Buddhism by symbol. The three periods are chính
pháp those of the real, tượng pháp the
formal, and mạt pháp the final.
Tượng. Gaja,
hastin, also nàga (S). An elephant.
Tượng đầu sơn.
Gayà-siras (S). Elephant-head mountain, name of two
mountains, one near Gayà, the other said to be near
the river Nairanjanà.
Tượng vương.
Gajapati (S). Lord of Elephants, a term for
Sàkyamuni; also the fabulous ruler of the southern
division of the Jambudvipa continent.
Tưởng. To think,
meditate, reflect, expect; a function of mind.
Tưởng ái.
Thought of and desire for, thought leading to desire.
Tưởng điên
đảo. Inverted thoughts or perceptions, i.e.
the illusion of regarding the seeming as real.
Tưởng uẩn.
Sanjnà (S). One of the five skandhas, perception.
Tưởng giới.
The sphere of thought.
| Mục lục | | Vần U, V, X, Y |
Cập nhật: 01-08-2001