L
La. A net (for
catching birds), gauze, openwork; sieve; to arrange
in order.
La hán. Arhat (S).
Worthy, worshipful, the saint, or perfect man of
Hìnayàna.
La hầu. Ràhu
(S). Demon, king of asuras.
La hầu A tu la.
Ràhu Atula (S). A demon.
La hầu la.
Ràhula (S). Son and one of the ten great disciples
of the Buddha.
La hầu la tôn giả.
Ràhulabhadra (S). 16th Indian patriarch.
La sát.
Ràksasas, ràksasi (S). Malignant spirits,
malevolent demons.
La thập.
Kumàrajìva (S). Famous Indian monk, translator of
sùtras.
La trai. To collect
contributions of food, an almsbowl.
Lạc (Nhạc, nhạo).
Prti (S). Music; joy, joyful, glad, rejoice; also to
find joy in, enjoy.
Lạc bang. The
joyful country, the paradise of the West
Lạc biến hóa
thiên. Nirmànarati (S). The fifth of the six
desire-heavens, where any form of joy is attainable
at will.
Lạc căn. The
organs of pleasure - eyes, ears, nose, tongue and
body.
Lạc dục. Desire
for the pleasant, or pleasure.
Lạc nhân. Causes
of pleasure.
Lạc pháp.
Delight in Buddha-truth, or the religion.
Lạc quả. Joyful
fruit, i.e. nirvàna.
Lạc tưởng.
Perception of pleasure.
Lạc thiên, lạc
quan. Optimistic.
Lạc thụ. The
sensation, or perception of pleasure.
Lạc thổ. A happy
land.
Lạc thuyết. Joy
in preaching, or telling the way of salvation
Lạc thuyết biện
tài. Preaching with eloquence.
Lam phong. Very
strong wind.
Lang tích sơn. Xem
kê túc sơn.
Lánh. To avoid,
shun; to keep out of.
Lánh tục.
Naiskramya (S). Giving up the world and leading a
holy life. To avoid, shun the world; to live the life
of a recluse, of a hermit.
Lão. Jarà (S).
Old, old age.
Lão khổ. One of
the four sufferings, that of old age.
Lão túc.
Sthavira (S). An old man, virtuous elder; great
scholar
Lão tử.
Jaràmarana (S). Decrepitude and death; one of the
twelve nidànas.
Lạp. Dried flesh;
the end of the year; a year; a monastic year, i.e.
the end of the annual summer retreat, also calles
giới lạp, hạ lạp, pháp lạc.
Lạp bát. The 8th
day of the 12th month, the day of the Buddha's
enlightenment.
Lạt ma. Lama
(Tib).
Lạp Phật. The
offerings to Buddha after the summer retreat,
maintained on the 15th day of the 7th month.
Lạp thứ. In
order of years, i.e. of ordination.
Lăng già. Lanka
(S). Lanka mount.
Lăng giá đảo, Sư
tử quốc đảo. Lankàdvipa, Simhaladvipa
(S). Actual Sri Lanka.
Lăng già kinh.
Lankàvatàra-sùtra (S)
Lăng nghiêm kinh.
Suramgama-sùtra (S)
Lâm. To regard
with kindness; approach on the brink of, about to;
whilst. Lâm chung. Approach the end, dying.
Lâm Tế. A
monastery during the Đường dynasty, in Chân
Định phủ, from which the founder of Lâm Tế
school derived his title, his name was Nghĩa
Huyền.
Lâm tì ni.
Lumbini (S). Lumbini Park, birth place of Prince
Siddhartha.
Lầm lạc. Moha
(S). Delusion, stupidity, infatuation.
Lẫn lộn.
Viparyàsa (S). Contradictory mind, wrong state,
reversal.
Lậu. Asràva (S).
Flowing, running, discharge; distress, pain,
affliction; passions and their filth; impure efflux
from the mind. Cankers, mental intoxicants.
Lậu giới. To
make a leak in the commandments, i.e. break them.
Lậu hoặc. Xem
lậu.
Lậu nghiệp. The
deeds of the sinner in the stream of transmigration,
which produce his karma.
Lậu tận.
Asràvaksaya (S). The end of the passions, or the
exhaustion of the stream of transmigration.
Lậu tận chứng
minh. The assurance or realization that the
stream of transmigration is ended and nirvàna
attained.
Lậu tận minh.
The realization that the stream of transmigration is
ended.
Lậu tận thông.
Asràvaksaya (S) The supernatural insight into the
ending of the stream of transmigration; one of the
six abhijnànas lục thông. Extinction of the
cankers.
Lậu tận trí.
The wisdom of the arhat.
Lậu tận tỳ kheo.
The monk who has ended the stream of transmigration,
the arhat.
Lậu tận ý giải.
The passions ended and the mind freed, the state of
the arhat.
Lậu vô lậu.
Transmigration and nirvàna.
Lễ. Worship,
offerings, rites; ritual, ceremonial, decorum,
courtesy, etiquette.
Lễ bái.
Namasyà (S). To worship, to render homage to
deities. Veneration.
Lễ bái đường.
Church, chapel.
Lễ giáo. Good
manners, decorum; education.
Lễ kính. To
worship, reverence, pay respect.
Lễ Phật. To
worship Buddhas; to bow to the Buddhas.
Lễ sám. Worship
and repentance, penitential offerings.
Lịch. To pass
through, over or to; successive; separated; calender,
astronomical calculations.
Lịch duyên đối
cảnh. Passing circumstances and the objects of
the senses.
Lịch đại.
Through many generations; generation after
generation.
Lịch kiếp. To
pass through a kalpa; in the course of a kalpa;
through many existences, many lives.
Liên. Pundarika
(S). The lotus, especially the white lotus Nymphoea
alna; Padma (S). Especially the Nelumbium speciosum;
Utpala (S). The Nymphoea coerulca, the blue lotus;
Kumuda (S). Nymphoea esculenta, white lotus, or N.
rubra, red lotus; Nilotpala (S). N. cyanea, a blue
lotus. The first four are called white, red, blue,
and yellow lotuses.
Liên bang. The
lotus land, the Pure Land of Amitàbha.
Liên cung.
Padmavimàna (S). Lotus-palace, the Pure Land of the
Sambhogakàya; also the eight-leaved lotus of the
heart.
Liên hà.
Nairanjanà (S). Name of river. Also Ni liên
thiền, Ni liên hà.
Liên hoa. Padma
(S). The lotus flower. Also hoa sen.
Liên hoa kinh.
Saddharma-pundarìka-sùtra (S). Lotus sùtra. Also
Kinh Pháp hoa, kinh Diệu pháp Liên hoa.
Liên Hoa Sinh.
Padma-Sambhava (S)
Liên hoa quốc.
The pure-land of every Buddha, the land of his
enjoyment.
Liên hoa tạng thế
giới. The lotus world or universe of each
Buddha for his sambhogakàya.
Liên hoa thủ Bồ
tát. Padmapàni (S). Quán âm holding a
lotus flower.
Liên hoa tọa.
Padmàsana (S). To sit with crossed legs; also a
lotus throne.
Liên hữu.
Mutual protectors, or helpers of the Lotus-sect, i.e.
members.
Liên môn. The
Lotus-sect.
Liên nhãn. The
eye of the blue lotus, i.e. the wonderful eye of
Buddha.
Liên sát.
Lotus-ksetra, or lotus-land, the paradise of
Amitàbha.
Liên thai. The
Lotus-womb in which the believers of Amitàbha are
born into his paradise.
Liên tòa, tòa sen.
The lotus throne on which are seated the images;
Buddha-throne.
Liên tông. The
Lotus-sect founded by Hui-yuan Huệ Viễn.
Liên tử. Lotus
seeds.
Liên xã, Bạch
liên xã. The white lotus sect, idem Liên
tông.
Liễu. To end, see
through, understand, thoroughly know, make clear,
thoroughly, completely, final.
Liễu đạt.
Thorough penetration, clear undersstanding.
Liễu liễu kiến.
The complete vision obtained when the body is in
complete rest and the mind freed from phenomenal
disturbance.
Liễu nghĩa.
Revelation of the whole meaning. Bất liễu nghĩa
is partial reveletion adapted (phương tiện) to
the capacity of the hearers.
Liễu nghĩa kinh.
The sùtras containing the whole truth.
Liễu ngộ.
Complete enlightenment, or clear apprehension.
Liễu nhân. A
revealing cause. Sinh nhân: a producing or direct
cause, e.g. a seed; Liễu nhân: a revealing cause,
e.g. a light, as indicating the effect; knowledge or
wisdom.
Liễu nhân Phật
tính. The second of the three Buddha-nature
"causes", i.e. Chính nhân Phật tính
is the Chân như as direct cause of attaining the
perfect Buddha-nature, associated with the pháp
thân; Liễu nhân Phật tính is the revealing
or enlightening cause, associated ăith the
Buddha-wisdom; Duyên nhân Phật tính is the
environment cause, e.g. his goodness and merits which
result in deliverance, or salvation.
Liễu tri.
Parijnà (S). Thorough knowledge. Full
understanding.
Linh, kiền trùy.
Ghantà (S). Small bell.
Linh miếu. Caitya
(S). Sepulchral monument, shrine.
Linh sơn. Xem Linh
thứu sơn.
Linh thụ, ưu đàm.
Udumbara (S). The glomarous fig tree.
Linh thụy hoa, Ưu
đàm bát hoa. Udumbara (S)
Linh thứu sơn, Kỳ
xà quật, Xà quật, Kỳ sơn. Grdhrakùta
(S). Vulture peak mount.
Lo âu. Kukrtya
(S). Worry.
Loạn. Disturb,
perturb, confusion, disorder, rebellion.
Loạn hạnh.
Disorderly conduct.
Loạn tăng. A
disorderly monk.
Loạn tâm. A
perturbed or confused mind, to disturb or unsettle
the mind.
Loạn thiện. To
disturb the good; confound goodness of those who
worship, etc with divides mind.
Loạn tưởng. To
think confusedly, or improperly.
Long. Nàga (S).
Dragon, dragon-like, imperial. (Nàga: snake,
serpent, elephant.)
Long châu.
Dragon-pearl; pearl below the dragon's jaw.
Long chủng thượng
tôn vương Phật. The Buddha of the race of
honourable dragon-kings, a title of Manjusri.
Long chương.
Dragon books, i.e. the sùtras, so called because
the Sanskrit writings seemed to resemble the forms of
snakes and dragons.
Long cung. Dragon
palace, palace of the dragon-kings.
Long hoa hội. The
assembly of Maitreya Buddha for preaching the
Buddha-truth.
Long hoa thụ.
Nàga-puspa (S). The dragon-flower-tree, which will
be the bodhi-tree of Maitreya Buddha Phật Di lặc.
Long khám.Dragon
coffins, i.e. those for monks.
Long Mãnh. Xem
Long thụ.
Long nữ.
Nàgakanyà (S), A naga-maiden.
Long phấn tấn tam
muội. A samàdhi powerful like the dragon;
abstract meditation which results in great spiritual
power.
Long quân. Na
tiên. Nàgasena (S)
Long tạng. The
dragon-treasury or library.
Long thang. Dragon
soup, a purgative concocted of human and animal urine
and excrement.
Long thần. A
dragon-god, or spirit.
Long thiên.
Dragon-kings and devas; also Nàgàrjuna and
Vasubandhu.
Long thiên bát bộ.
Nàgas, devas, raksasas, gandharvas, asuras,
garudas, kinnaras, and maho-ragas.
Long thụ (thọ), Long
Mãnh. Nàgàrjuna (S). 14th ndian patriarch.
Long trí.
Nàgabodhi (S).
Long tượng.
Dragon elephant, or dragon and elephant, i.e. great
saints, bodhisattvas, Buddhas.
Long vương.
Nàgaràja (S). Dragon king, a title for the
tutelary deity of a lake, river, sea and other
places.
Lòng tin.
Sràddhà (S). Faith, devotion.
Lô ca da để ca,
Lộ già da đà. Loka-yatika (S). Name of a
heretic sect.
Lô ca na tha.
Lokanàtha (S). Thế tôn.
Lô ca phại.
Lokavit (S). Thế gian giải.
Lộc dã viên.
Mrganika (S). Deer park. Also lộc uyển, vườn
nai.
Lộc mẫu, Tỳ xá
khư. Visàkhà (S). Name.
Lộc trượng.
Migalandika (S). Name.
Lộc túc vương.
Kajmàsapàda (S).
Lộc vương thành.
Sàrnàth (S). Actual name of Rsipatana.
Lộc xa. Deer-cart.
Lời nói. Vàc,
vàcà (S). Speech, words. Also ngữ.
Lợi. Patu,
tìksna (S). Sharp, keen, clever; profitable,
beneficial; gain, advantage, interest.
Lợi căn.
Sharpness, cleverness, intelligence, natural powers,
endowment.
Lợi dưỡng. To
nourish oneself by gain; gain; avarice.
Lợi dưỡng
phược. The bond of selfish greed, one of the
two bonds, gain and fame.
Lợi hành nhiếp.
Sangraha-vastu (S). The drawing of all beings to
Buddhism through blessing them by deed, word, and
will.
Lợi ích.
Benefit, aid, to bless
Lợi ích nhân
thiên. Benefit to men and devas.
Lợi kiếm. A
sharp sword, used figuratively for Amitàbha, and
Manjusri, indicating wisdom, discrimination, or power
pover evil.
Lợi lạc.
Blessing and joy.
Lợi lạc hữu
tình. To bless and give joy to the living or
sentient.
Lợi nhân. To
benefit or profit men.
Lợi sinh. Xem
lợi lạc hữu tình. Sinh is chúng sinh all
the living.
Lợi sử. The
sharp or clever envoy, i.e. the chief illusion of
regarding the ego and its experiences, and ideas as
real, one of the five chief illusions.
Lợi tha. Parahita
(S). Welfare for others. The bodhisattva-mind is
Tự lợi lợi tha, to improve oneself for the
purpose of improving or benefiting others. Welfare
for others.
Lợi trí.
Pàtava (S). Keen intelligence, wisdom,
discrimination.
Lợi vật. Xem
lợi tha. Vật: the being.
Luân. Cakra (S).
Wheel, disc, rotation, to revolve. The three wheels
are Hoặc Nghiệp Khổ illusion, karma, suffering,
in constant revolution. The five are earth, water,
fire, wind and space; the earth rests on revolving
spheres of water, fire, wind and space. The nine are
seen on the tops of pagodas.
Luân bảo. A
cakravartin's wheel, i.e. either gold, silver, copper
or iron manifesting his rank and power.
Luân chuyển.
Samsàra (S). The turning of the wheel, to revolve,
i.e. transmigration in the six ways, the wheel of
transmigration; the round of existence.
Luân hỏa.
Alàtacakra (S). Xem hỏa luân.
Luân hồi.
Samsàra (S). Transmigration of souls;
metempsychosis. Round of rebirths.
Luân vương.
Cakravartin (S). A ruler the wheels of whose chariot
roll everywhere without obstruction; an emperor, a
sovereign ofvthe world, a supreme ruler.
Luận. Sàstra,
abhidharma, upadesa (S). To discourse upon, discuss,
reason over; discourses, discussions, or treatises on
dogma, philosophy, discipline, etc.
Luận gia. Xem
luận sư.
Luận giải.
Arthakarthà (S). Explanation, commentary. Also
bình luận.
Luận nghị kinh.
Upadesa (S). Dogmatic treatises, the twelfth and last
section of the Canon. Also ưu bà đề xá.
Luận sư.
Sàstra-writer. or interpreters, philosophers.
Luận tạng.
Abhidharma-pitaka (S)> Thesaurus of discussions or
discourses. The basket of philosophical treatises.
Luận tông. The
Madhyamaka school of the Tam luận; also the
Abhidharma or Sàstra school.
Luật. Vinaya,
pratimoksa, sìla, upalaksa (S). The discipline,
monastic rules.
Luật hạnh. The
discipline in practice, to act according to the
rules.
Luật nghi. Rules
and ceremonies, an intuitive apprehension of which,
both written and unwritten, enable the individual to
act properly under all circumstances.
Luật nghi giới.
The first of the three Tụ giới, i.e. to avoid
evil by keeping to the discipline.
Luật pháp. The
laws or methods of the discipline; rules and laws.
Luật sám.
Repentance and penance according to the rules.
Luật sư. Master
and teacher of the rules of the discipline.
Luật tạng.
Vinaya pitaka (S). Basket of discipline. Also tỳ
nại da, tỳ ni (dịch cũ)
Luật tông. The
Vinaya school, emphasizing the monastic discipline,
founded in China by Đạo Tuyên of the Đường
dynasty.
Luật tướng.
The discipline, or its characteristics.
Luật thừa
(thặng). The Vinaya-vehicle, the teaching which
emphasizes the discipline.
Lục. Sad, sat (S).
Six.
Lục Ba la mật.
Six paramitàs.
Lục bộ Đại
thừa kinh. The six works chosen by Từ Ân
as authoritative in the Pháp tướng tông
Dharmalaksana school, i.e Đại phương quảng
Phật Hoa nghiêm, Giải thâm mật, Như lai
xuất hiện công đức trang nghiêm, A tỳ
đạt ma, Lăng già, and Hậu nghiêm.
Lục cảnh. The
six fields of the senses, i.e. the objective fields
of sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, and idea (or
thought).
Lục căn.
Sadàyatana (S). The six indriyas or sense-organs:
mắt eye, tai ear, mũi nose, lưỡi tongue,
thân body, ý mind. Six bases.
Lục căn công
đức. The powers of the six senses, i.e. the
achievement by purification of their interchange of
function.
Lục căn ngũ
dụng. Substitution of one organ for another, or
use of one organ to do the work of all the others,
which is a Buddha's power.
Lục căn sám hối.
A penitential (repentant) service over the sins of
the six senses.
Lục căn thanh tịnh.
The six organs and their purification in order to
develop their unlimited power and interchange, as in
the case of Buddha.
Lục căn thanh tịnh
vị. The state of the organs thus purified is
defined by Thiên Thai as the thập tín vị of the
biệt giáo or the tương tợ tức of the
viên giáo. Xem Lục tức.
Lục cấu. Six
things that defile: cuống exageration, siểm
flattery, kiêu arrogance, não vexation, hận
hatred, hại malice.
Lục chủng chấn
động. The six earthquakes, or earth-shakings,
of which there are two different categories. I-Those
at the Buddha's conception, birth, enlightenment,
first preaching, when Màra besought him to live,
and at his nirvàna; some omit the fifth and after
"birth" add "leaving home". II.
Động shaking, Khởi rising, Dũng waving,
Chấn reverberating, Hống roaring, Kích arousing.
Lục chủng quyết
định. The six kinds of certainty resulting from
the observance of the six pàramitàs: (1) Tài
thành the certainty of wealth; (2) Sinh thắng of
rebirth in honourable families; (3) Bất thoái of
no retrogression (in lower conditions); (4) Tu tập
of progress in practice; (5) Định nghiệp of
unfailingly good karma; (6) Vô công of effortless
abode in truth and wisdom.
Lục chủng tính.
The six germ-natures, or roots of Bodhisattva
development: (1) Tập chủng tính, the germ-nature
of study of the không void (or immaterial), which
corrects all illusions of time and space; it
corresponds to the thập trụ; (2) Tính chủng
t., that of ability to discriminate all the tính
natures of phenomena and transform the living, the
thập hạnh stage; (3) Đạo chủng t. (the
middle-) way germ-nature, which attains insight into
Buddha-law, the thập hồi hướng; (4) Thánh
chủng t., the saint germ-nature which produces
holiness by destroying ignorance, the thập địa,
in which the Bodhisattva leaves the rank of the
hiền and becomes thánh; (5) Đẳng giác t.,
the bodhi-rank germ-nature which produces Buddhahood.
(6) Diệu giác t. Buddha stage.
Lục chủng trụ.
The six Bodhisattva-stages in the
Bodhisattvabhùmi-sùtra Bồ tát địa trì
kinh: (1) Chủng tính trụ the attainment of the Buddha-seed
nature in the thập trụ; (2) Giải hành trụ
of discernment and practice in the thập hạnh,
thập hồi hướng; (3) Tịnh tâm trụ of
purity by attaining reality in the sơ địa kiến
đạo; (4) Hành đạo tích trụ of progress in
riddance of incorrect thinking, in the nhị địa to
thất địa; (5) Quyết định trụ of powers of
correct decision and judgment in the bát, cửu
địa; (6) Cứu cánh trụ of the perfect
Bodhisattva-stage in the thập địa and the đẳng
giác vị, but not including the diệu giác vị
which is the Buddha-stage.
Lục chủng xảo
phương tiện. The six able devices ođ
Bodhisattvas: (1) preaching deep truths in simple
form to lead on people gladly to believe; (2)
promising them every good way of realizing their
desires, of wealth etc. (3) showing a threatening
aspect to the disobedient to induce reform; (4)
rebuking and punishing them with a like object; (5)
granting wealth to induce grateful offerings and
almsgiving; (6) descending from heaven, leaving home,
attaining bodhi, and leading all to joy and purity.
Lục dụ. The six
illustrations of unreality in the Diamond sùtra:
mộng dream, huyễn a phantasm, bào a bubble,
ảnh a shadow, lộ dew and điện lightning
Lục dục. The six
sexual attractions arising fron sắc colour; hình
mạo form; oai nghi tư thái carriage; ngôn
ngữ âm thanh voice (or speech); tế họạt
softness; and nhân tướng features. Desires that
originate in the six sensorial roots.
Lục dục thiên.
The devalokas, i.e. the heavens of desire, i.e. with
sense-organs
Lục đại. The
six great, or fundamental things, or elements - địa
earth, thủy water, hỏa fire, phong wind (or air),
không space (or ether) and thức mind (or
perception). These are universal and creative of all
things, but the vô tình inanimate are made only of
the first five while the hữu tình animate are of
all six.
Lục đại phiền
não. The six great klesa, passions or
distressers: tham desire, sân resentment, si
stupidity, mạn pride, nghi doubt and ác kiến
false views.
Lục đạo. The
six ways, or conditions of sentient existence. Xem
Lục thú.
Lục đạo tứ sinh.
The four modes of the six rebirths - thai womb,
noãn egg,thấp moisture, hóa transformation.
Lục đạo tứ
thánh. The four holy ways of the six rebirths -
thanh văn sràvakas, pratyeka-buddhas duyên
giác, bồ tát bodhisattvas, Phật Buddhas.
Lục độ. The six
things that ferry one beyond the sea of mortality to
nirvàna, i.e. the six pàramitàs: (1) Bố thí
dàna, charity or giving, including the bestowing of
truth on others; (2) Trì giới sìla, keeping the
commandments; (3) Nhẫn nhục ksànti, patience
under insult; (4) Tinh tiến vìrya, zeal and
progress; (5) Thiền định dhyàna, meditation or
contemplation; (6) Trí tuệ prajnà, wisdom, the
power to discern reality or truth. It is the last
which carries across the samsàra (sea of incarnate
life) to the shore of nirvàna. The opposites of
these virtues are meanness, wickedness, anger, sloth,
a distracted mind, and ignorance. The adds four other
pàramitàs: (7) Phương tiện upàya, the use
of appropriate means; (8) Nguyện pranidhàna,
pious vows; (9) Lực bala, power of fulfilment;
(10) Trí jnana knowledge.
Lục đức. The
six characteristics of a bhagavat, which is one of
the Buddha's titles: sovereign, glorious, majestic,
famous, propitious, honoured.
Lục giới. The
six elements. Xem lục đại.
Lục giới thú.
The (human) body, which is composed of the six
elements.
Lục hòa. The six
points of reverent harmony or unity in a monastery or
convent: (1) bodily unity in form of worship thân
hòa đồng trụ; (2) oral unity in chanting
khẩu hòa vô tranh; (3) mental unity in faith
ý hòa đồng duyệt; (4) moral unity in
observing the commandments giới hòa đồng tu;
(5) doctrinal unity in views and explainations kiến
hòa đồng giải; (6) economic unity in community
of goods, deeds, studies or charity lợi hòa
đồng quân.
Lục kết, sáu
gút. A cloth or cord tied in six consecutive
double loops and knots The cloth represents the
fundamental unity, the knots the apparent diversity.
Lục La hán, sáu La
hán. The six arhat, i.e. Sàkyamuni and his
first five disciples.
Lục nan, sáu điều
khó. The six difficult things: (1) Khó gặp
Phật ra đời to be born in the Buddha-age; (2)
Khó được nghe Chính pháp to hear the true
Buddha-law; (3) Khó sinh lòng lành to beget a
good heart; (4) Khó sinh ra nơi quốc độ trung
ương to be born in the central kingdom; (5) Khó
được thân người to be born in human form;
(6) Khó đầy đủ các căn to be perfect,
Lục niệm. The
six thoughts to dwell upon: Phật Buddha, Pháp the
Law, Tăng the Order, the Giới commands,
precepts, Thí almsgiving, and Thiên heaven with
its prospective joys.
Lục niên khổ
hạnh. The six years of Sàkyamuni's
austerities before his enlightenment.
Lục nhân. The
six causations of the lục vị six stages of
Bodhisattva development. Every phenomenon depends
upon the union of nhân primary cause and duyên
conditional or environmental cause; and ođ the
nhân there are six kinds: (1)-Năng tác nhân
Kàrana-hetu, effective causes; (2)-Câu hữu
nhân Sahabhù-hetu, co-operative causes;
(3)-Đồng loại Sabhàga-hetu, causes of the same
kind; (4)-Tương ưng nhân Samprayukta-hetu,
mutual responsive, or associated causes; (5)-Biến
hành nhân Sarvatraga-hetu, universal
oromnipresent causes; (6)-Dị thục nhân
Vipàka-hetu, differential fruition.
Lục nhập.
Sadàyatana (S). The six entrances, or locations,
both the organ and the sensation - eye, ear, nose,
tongue, body and mind; sight, hearing, smell, taste,
touch, and perception. The six form one of the twelve
nidànas.
Lục phàm.
The six stages of rebirth for ordinary people: in the
hells, as hungry ghosts, animals, asuras, men and
devas.
Lục pháp giới.
The six prohibition rules for a female devotee: bất
dâm indelicacy of contact with a male; bất đạo
purloining for cash; bất sát killing animals;
bất cuống ngữ untruthfulness; bất phi
thời thực food after the midday meal; bất
ẩm tửu wine drinking.
Lục phương. The
six directions E. W. N. S. above and below.
Lục phương lễ.
The brahman morning act of bathing and paying homage
to the six directions.
Lục quần tỉ khưu
(tỳ kheo). The six common-herd bhiksus, to
whose improper or evil conduct is attributed the
laying down of many of the laws of Sàkyamuni.
Lục suy. The six
ruiners, i.e. the attractions of the six senses, idem
lục trần, lục giới.
Lục sư ngoại
đạo. The six tirthikas or heterodox teachers:
(1) Phú lan na Ca diếp, Pùrana Kàsyapa;
(2)-Mạt già lê Câu xá ly tử, Maskari
Gosalêputra; (3)-San xà da Tỳ la hiền tử,
Sanjayin Vairatitra; (4)-A kỳ đa Si xá khâm
bà la, Ajita Kesakambala; (5)-Ca la cưu đà Ca
chiên diên, Kakuda Kàtyàyana; (6)-Ni kiền
đà Nhã đề tử, Nirgranta-Jnatiputra.
Lục sự thành
tựu. The six things which enable a Bodhisattva
to keep perfectly the six pàramitàs - worshipful
offerings, study of the moral duties, pity, zeal in
goodness, isolation, delight in the law.
Lục tặc. The six
cauras, or robbers, i.e. the six senses; also likened
to the six pleasures of the six sense organs.
Lục thành
tựu. Six perfections found in the opening
phrase of each sùtra: (1) "Thus", implies
perfect faith tín thành tựu; (2) "have I
heard, perfect hearing văn thành tựu; (3)
"once", perfect time thời tt; (4)
"the Buddha", the perfect lord or master
chủ tt; (5) "on Mt Grdhrakùta", the
perfect place xứ tt; (6) "with the great
assembly of bhiksus", the perfect assembly
chúng tt.
Lục thân. The
six immediate relations - father and mother, wife and
child, elder and younger brothers.
Lục thần thông.
The six transcendental, or magical powers. Xem Lục
thông.
Lục thập nhị
kiến. Sixty two wrong views.
Lục thời. The
six "hours" or periods in a day, three for
night and three for day, i.e. morning, noon, evening;
night, midnight and dawn.
Lục thiên. The
six devalokas: (1)-Tứ thiên vương. The realm
of the four great kings. (2)-Đao lợi thiên.
Heaven of the thirty three gods. (3)-Dạ ma thiên.
Yama heaven. (4)-Đâu suất thiên. Tusita
heaven. (5)-Lạc Biến hóa thiên.
Nirmàna-rati heaven. (6)-Tha hóa tự tại
thiên. Para-nirmita-vasavartin heaven.
Lục thông.
Abhijnà, or sadabhijnà (S). The six supernatural
or universal powers acquired by a Buddha, also by an
arhat through the fourth degree of dhyàna: (1)
Thiên nhãn thông Divyacaksu, divine eye; (2)
Thiên nhĩ thông Divyasrotra, divine ear; (3)
Thần túc thông Rddhisàksàkrya, magical
powers; (4) Túc mạng thông
Purvànivàsànu-smrtijnàna, remembrance of
one's former state of existence; (5) Tha tâm
thông Paracittà-jnàna, ability to perceive
other person's thoughts; (6) LỈu tận thông
Àsravaksaya-jnàna, supernatural consciousness of
the waning of vicious propensities; extinction of the
cankers.
Lục thú. The six
directions of reincarnation, also lục đạo: (1)
địa ngục naraka-gati, or that of the hells; (2)
ngạ quỉ preta-gati, of hungry ghosts; (3) súc
sinh tiryagyoni-gati, of animals; (4) a tu la
asura-gati, of malevolent nature spirits; (5) nhân
manusya-gati, of human existence; (6) thiên
deva-gati, of deva existence.
Lục thụ (thọ).
The six vedanas, i.e. receptions or sensations from
the six organs lục căn.
Lục thụy, sáu
điềm. The six auspicious indications
attributed to the Buddha as a preliminary to his
delivery of the Lotus-sùtra: (1) thuyết pháp
his opening address on the infinite; (2) nhập
định his samàdhi; (3) mưa hoa the rain of
flowers; (4) động đất the earthquake; (5)
đại chúng vui mừng the delight of the
beholders; (6) Phật phóng hào quang the
Buddha-ray.
Lục thức. The
six consciousness.
Lục tiễn, sáu
mũi tên. The six arrows, i.e. the six senses.
Lục tổ. The six
patriarchs of Thiền tông who passed down robe and
begging bowl in succession, i.e. Bodhidharma, Huệ
Khả, Tăng Sán, Đạo Tín, Hoằng Nhẫn and
Huệ Năng.
Lục tội nhân.
The six kinds of offender, i.e. one who commits any
of the tứ trọng four grave sins, or destroys the
harmony in the order. or sheds a Buddha's blood.
Lục tông. The
six schools: Tam luận, Pháp tướng, Hoa
nghiêm, Luật, Thành thật, Câu xá.
Lục trai nhật.
The six monthly posadha, or fast days: the 8th, 14th,
15th, 23rd, 29th, 30th.
Lục trần.
Bàhyu-àyatana (S). The six gunas, qualities
produced by the objects and organs of sense, i.e.
sight, sound, smell, taste, touch and idea. Dust
trần is dirt, and these six qualities are therefore
the cause of all impurity. The six external
base-spheres.
Lục trước tâm.
The six bonds, or the mind of the six bonds, greed,
love, hate, lust, pride.
Lục tuệ. The six
kinds of wisdom. Each is alloted seriatim to one of
the six positions lục vị (1) Văn tuệ the
wisdom of hearing and apprehending the truth of the
middle way is associated with thập trụ; (2) Tư
tuệ of thought, with thập hạnh (3) Tu tuệ of
observance, with the thập hồi hướng; (4) Vô
tướng tuệ of neither extreme, or the mean, with
thập địa; (5) Chiếu tịch tuệ of
understanding of nirvàna, with đẳng giác; (6)
Tịch chiếu tuệ of making nirvàna illuminate
all beings, with Buddha-fruition.
Lục tự. The six
words or syllables Nam mô A di đà Phật Namo
Amitàbha.
Lục tự Đà la ni.
Aum Mani Padme Hum (Án Ma ni Bát di Hồng).
Lục tức. The
six stages of Bodhisattva developments as defined in
the Thiên Thai Viên giáo, i.e. Perfect or Final
Teaching, in contrast with the previous, or ordinary
Thập tín, thập trụ etc, as found in the Biệt
giáo Differentiated or Seperate school. The Thiên
Thai six are: (1) Lý tức realization that all
beings are of Buddha-nature; (2)- Danh tự tức
the apprehension of terms, that those who only hear
and believe are in the Buddha-law and potentially
Buddha; (3)-Quán hạnh tức advance beyond
terminology to meditation, or study and accordant
action; it is known as ngũ phẩm quán hạnh or
ngũ phẩm đệ tử vị. (4)-Tương tợ
tức semblance stage, or approximation to
perfection in purity, the lục căn thanh tịnh
vị, i.e.the thập tín vị, (5)-Phần chứng
tức discrimination of truth and its progressive
experiential proof, i.e. the thập trụ, thập
hạnh, thập hồi hướng, thập địa and
đẳng giác vị of the biệt giáo, known also
as the thánh nhân cause or root of holiness;
(6)-Cứu cánh tức perfect enlightenment, i.e.
diệu giác vị or thánh quả fruition of
holiness.
Lục tức Phật.
Buddha in six forms mentioned above.
Lục tướng. The
six characteristics found in everything - tổng
biệt whole and parts, đồng dị unity and
diversity, thành hoại entirety and (its)
fraction.
Lục vật. The six
things personal to amonk - sanghàti, the patch
robe; uttarà sanghàti, the stole of seven pieces;
antara-vàsaka, the skirt or inner garment of five
pieces; the above are the tam y three garments;
pàtra begging bowl; nisìdana a stool; and a
water-strainer. The six are also called tam y lục
vật.
Lục vị. The six
stages of Bodhisattva development, i.e. thập tín,
thập trụ, thập hồi hướng, thập địa,
đẳng giác, Phật địa.
Lục vị. The six
tastes or flavours - đắng bitter, chua sour,
ngọt sweet, chát acrid, mặn salt and nhạt
insipid
Lục xứ, lục
nhập. Sadàyatana (S). The six places, or
abodes of perception or sensation, one of the
nidànas. Six spheres of sense-organs.
Luyến ái, ái
dục, dục vọng. Trsnà (S), Tanhà (P).
Craving, thirst, lust.
Lư câu đa bà thi
bộ. Lokottaravàda (S). Buddhist sect. Also
Thuyết xuất thế bộ, xuất thế bộ.
Lữ lô đạt ma.
Xem cồ lâu đạt ma.
Lự thủy nang, đồ
lọc nước. Water-filter.
Lửa. Agni (S).
Fire.
Lực. Bala (S).
Power, strength. Thập lực: the ten powers of
Buddhas and bodhisattvas.
Lực ba la mật.
The bala-pàramità (S). Resolution.
Lực sĩ. Vira
(S). A strong or mighty man, hero, demigod.
Lưu xá na Phật.
Virocana Buddha (S). The Sun Buddha.
Lương. Good,
beneficial, virtuous.
Lương hoàng sám.
The litany of Lương Vũ Đế for his wife, who
became a large snake, or dragon, after her death and
troubled the emperor's dreams. After the litany was
performed, she became a devi, thanked the emperor and
departed. Also Từ bi đạo tràng sám pháp.
Lương nhật, cát
nhật. A good or auspicious day.
Lương vũ đế.
Liang Wu Ti (C). A Chinese Emperor.
Lương phúc điền.
The field of blessedness, cultivated by offerings to
Buddha, the Law and the Order.
Lưỡng. Two, a
couple, both; an ounce, or tael.
Lưỡng dực, hai
cánh. The two wings of định meditation and
tuệ wisdom.
Lưỡng giới mạn
đà la. Mandala of the two sections, i.e. dual
powers of the two Japanese groups symbolizing the Kim
cương giới Vajradhàtu and Thai tạng giới
Garbhadhàtu.
Lưỡng hà. The
two rivers, Niranjanà where Buddha attained
enlightenment and Hiranyavati where he entered
nirvàna.
Lưỡng kiên thần,
thần hai vai. The two recording spirits, one at
each shoulder.
Lưỡng quyền.
The two temporary vehicles, Sràvaka Thanh văn and
Pratyeka-Buddha Duyên giác, as contrasted to the
thực complete Bodhisattva doctrine of
Mahàyàna.
Lưỡng thiệt.
Double tongue. One of the ten forms of evil conduct
thập ác nghiệp.
Lưỡng túc tôn.
The most honoured among men and devas (among two
footed beings), a title of Buddha. The two feet are
compared to the commandments and meditation, phúc
blessing and tuệ wisdom, relative and absolute
teaching, meditation and action.
Lưu. Flow; float;
spread; wander.
Lưu chuyển.
Samsàra (S). Transmigration, flowing and returning,
flowing back again.
Lưu chuyển môn.
The way of transmigration, as contrasted with diệt
môn that of nirvàna.
Lưu lai. Flowed or
floated down; that which has come down from the past.
Lưu lai sinh tử.
Transmigration which has come down from thr state of
primal ignorance.
Lưu sa. Floating or
shifting sands.
Lưu thông. Spread
abroad; permeate; flowing through, or everywhere,
without effective hindrance. Circulation.
Lưu truyền. To
hand down (to posterity); to bequeath sth to
generations to come.
Lưu ly. Lapis
lazuli.
Ly. To leave, part
from, apart from, abandon.
Ly bà đa. Revata.
Ly cái. To abandon
the ngũ cái five obscurers, or hindrances to
truth.
Ly cấu. To leave
the impure, abandon the defiling influence of the
passions, or illusion.
Ly cấu địa. The
second of the ten bodhisattva stages in which he
overcomes all passion and impurity
Ly cấu nhãn. To
abandon the eye of imourity, or cantamination, and
attain the eye which beholds truth and reality.
Ly cấu thế giới.
The world free from impurity, the name of
Sàriputra's Buddha-realm.
Ly dục. To leave
or be free from desire, or the passions.
Ly gián ngữ.
Talk which causes estrangement between friends;
alienating words; one of the ten wicked things.
Ly hệ quả.
Visamyogaphala (S).
Ly ngôn. That
which cannot be described in words, e.g. the
bhùtatathatà, which is beyond definition.
Ly sinh. To leave
the chain of rebirth.
Ly sinh hỷ lạc
địa. The first dhyàna heaven, where is
experienced the joy of leaving the evils of life.
Ly sinh tính. The
true nature of the holy man which leaves the round of
mortality.
Ly tính vô biệt
Phật. Apart from mind there is no other Buddha,
i.e. the tính is Buddha.
Ly tướng, ly
tướng giới, vô tướng giới. The
inner commands, or observance in the heart, in
contrast with external observance or ritual.
Ly trần phục.
Kasàya (S). The monk's robe, freed from the dusty
world; i.e. free from the contamination of the
senses.
Lý. Siddhànta,
hetu (S). Ruling principle, fundamental law,
intrinsicality, universal basis, essential element;
nidàna, reason; pramàna, to arrange, regulate,
rule, rectify.
Lý chướng. The
hindrance caused by incorrect views of truth.
Lý cụ. Wholly
noumenal, or all things as aspects of the absolute, a
doctrine of the Thiên Thai "profounder"
school, in contrast with the sự tạo of the
"shallower" school, which considered all
things to be phenomenally produced.
Lý hoặc.
Illusion in regard to fundamental truth, e.g. the
reality of the ego and things; as sự hoặc is
illusion in regard to things themselves. Also
fundamental illusion; reality and illusion.
Lý luận.
Reasoning on, or discussion of, principles, or
fundamental truth.
Lý nhập. Entry
by the truth, or by means of the doctrine, as hạnh
nhập is entry by conduct or practice.
Lý pháp thân.
The Dharmakàya as absolute being, in contrast with
trí pháp thân the Dharmakàya as wisdom, both
according to the older school being vô vi noumenal;
later writers treat lý pháp thân as noumenal
and trí pháp thân as kinetic or active. Lý
pháp giới one of the tứ giới, that of the
common essence or dharmakàya of all beings.
Lý Phật. The
fundamental or intrinsic Buddha, i.e. the
Dharmakàya; also the Thiên Thai doctrine of
Buddha as immanent in all beings.
Lý Phật tính.
The fundamental Buddha-nature, in contrast with
Hạnh Phật tính the Buddha-nature in action or
development.
Lý quán. The
concept of absolute truth; the concentration of the
mind upon reality.
Lý sự. Noumena
and phenomena, principle and practice, absolute and
realative, real and empirical, cause and effect,
fundamental essence and external activity, potential
and actual; e.g. store and distribution, ocean and
wave, static and kinetic.
Lý tại tuyệt
ngôn. Truth is in eliminating words; it is
independent of words; it does not require words to
express it.
Lý tính. Absolute
nature, immutable reality, fundamental prinviple or
character.
Lý tức Phật.
The underlying truth of all things is Buddha;
immanent reason; Buddhahood, or the underdeveloped
Buddha in all beings.
Lý thể. The
fundamental substance or body of all things.
Lý thiền. The
dhyàna of or concentration on absolute truth free
from phenomenal contamination.
Lý trí. Principle
and gnosis (reason); the noumenal in essence and in
knowledge; the truth in itself and in knowledge; lý
is also the fundamental principle of the phenomenon
under observation, trí the observing wisdom. Also
knowledge or enlightenment in its essence or purity,
free from incarnational influences.
| Mục lục | | Vần M |
Cập nhật: 01-08-2001