Part II :
Illustrations and practice of love and
compassion
Angulimala:
A Story of the power of compassion
There was once the son of a Brahmin (the highest "priestly"
caste in India) in the court of King Pasenadi of Kosala, whose name was Ahimsaka. He was
sent to Taxila for his studies. Ahimsaka was intelligent and obedient to this teacher;
therefore he was liked by both the teacher and his wife. This made the other pupils
jealous of him. So they went to the teacher and falsely accused Ahimsaka of having an
immoral relationship with the teacher’s wife. At first, he did not believe them, but
after hearing it a number of times, he thought it was true and vowed to have revenge on
Ahimsaka. He thought that to kill him would reflect badly on him. His rage prompted him to
suggest the unthinkable to the young and innocent Ahimsaka. He told his pupil to kill a
thousand human beings and to bring the right thumb of each as payment for teaching him. Of
course the youngster would not even think of such a thing, so he was banished from the
teacher’s house and returned to his parents.
When his father learned why Ahimsaka had been expelled, he became
furious with his son, and would hear no reason. On that very day, with the rain pouring
down, he ordered Ahimsaka to leave the house. Ahimsaka went to his mother and asked her
advice, but she could not go against the will of her husband. Next Ahimsaka went to the
house of his betrothed (in accord with the ancient custom in India calling for betrothal
of children long before their actual marriage), but when the family learned why Ahimsaka
had been turned out of school, they drove him off. The shame, anger, fear, and despair of
Ahimsaka drove him out of his mind. His suffering mind could only recollect the
teacher’s order: to collect 1,000 human thumbs. And so he started killing, and as he
killed, the thumbs he collected were hung on a tree, but as they were destroyed by crows
and vultures, he later wore a garland of the fingers to keep track of the number.
Because of this he came to be known as Angulimala (finger garland) and
became the terror of the countryside. The king himself heard about the exploits of
Angulimala, and he decided to capture him. When Mantani, Ahimsaka’s mother, heard
about the king’s intention, she went to the forest in a desperate bid to save her
son. By this time, the chain around the neck of Angulimala had 999 fingers in it, just on
finger short of 1,000.
The Buddha; learned of the mother’s attempt to dissuade her son
from, and reflected that if he did not intervene, Angulimala, who was on the lookout for
the last person to make up the 1,000, would see his mother and might kill her. In that
case, he would have to suffer an even longer period for his evil kamma. Out of compassion,
the Buddha left for the forest.
Angulimala, after many sleepless days and nights, was very tired and
near exhaustion. At the same time, he was very anxious to kill the last person to make up
his full quota of 1,000 and so complete his task. He made up his mind to kill the first
person he met. As he looked down from his mountain perch, he saw a woman on the road
below. He wanted to fulfil his vow to complete the 1,000 thumbs, but as he approached, he
saw it was his mother. At the same time, the Buddha was approaching, and Angulimala had
just enough presence of mind to decide to kill the wandering monk instead of his mother.
He set out after the Blessed One with his knife raised. But the Buddha kept moving ahead
of him. Angulimala just could not catch up with him. Finally, he cried out, "O
Bhikkhu, stop, stop!" And the Enlightened One replied, "I have stopped. It is
you who have not stopped." Angulimala did not catch the significance of these words,
so he asked, "O bhikkhu! Why do you say that you have stopped while I have not?"
The Buddha replied, "I say that I have stopped because I have
given up killing all beings. I have given up ill-treating all beings, and have established
myself in universal love, patience, and knowledge through reflection. But you have not
given up killing or ill treating others and you are not yet established in universal love
and patience. Hence, you are the one who has not stopped." On hearing these words
Angulimala was recalled to reality, and thought, these are the words of a wise man. This
monk is so very wise and so very brave that he must be the leader of the monks. Indeed, he
must be the Enlightened One himself! He must have come here specially to make me see the
light. So thinking, he threw away his weapons and asked the Blessed One to admit to the
Order of the bhikkhus, which the Buddha did.
When the king and his men came to capture Angulimala, they found him at
the monastery of the Buddha. Finding that Angulimala had given up his evil ways and become
a bhikkhu, the king and his men agreed to leave him alone. During his stay at the
monastery, Angulimala ardently practiced meditation.
Angulimala had no peace of mind because even in his solitary meditation
he used to recall memories of his past and the pathetic cries of his unfortunate victims.
As a result of his evil kamma, while seeking alms in the streets he would become a target
of stray stones and sticks and he would return to the Jetavana monastery with broken head
and blood flowing, cut and bruised, to be reminded by the Buddha: "My son Angulimala.
You have done away with evil. Have patience. This is the effect of the evil deeds you have
committed in the existence. Your evil kamma would have made you suffer through innumerable
existences had I not met you."
One morning while going on an almsround in Savatthi, Angulimala heard
someone crying out in pain. When he came to know that a pregnant lady was having labor
pains and facing difficulty to deliver the child, he reflected, all worldly beings are
subject to suffering. Moved by compassion, he reported the suffering of this poor woman to
the Buddha who advised him to recite the following words of truth, which later came to be
known as Angulimala Paritta. Going to the presence of the suffering woman, he sat on a
seat separated from her by a screen, and uttered these words:
Sister, since the day I became an arahat
I have not consciously destroyed
The life of any living beings.
By this truth, may you be well
And may your unborn child be well.
Instantly the woman delivered her child with ease. Both the mother and
chid were well and healthy. Even today many resort to this paritta.
Angulimala liked living in solitude and in seclusion. Later he passed
away peacefully. As an arahant, he attained parinibbana.
Other bhikkhus asked the Buddha where Angulimala was reborn, and when
the Blessed One replied, my son Angulimala has attained parinibbana, they could hardly
believe it. So they asked whether it was possible that such a man who had in fact killed
so many people could have attained parinibbana. To this question, the Buddha replied,
"Bhikkhus, Angulimala had done much evil because he did not have good friends. But
later, he hound good friends and with their help and good advice he became steadfast and
mindful in practicing the dhamma and meditation. Thus, his evil deeds have been
overwhelmed by good kamma and his mind has been completely rid of all defilements."
The Buddha said of Angulimala
"Whose evil deed is obscured by good,
he illumines this world like the
moon freed from a cloud."
The power of love and compassion are stronger than any evil, and are
absolute conditions for awakening. (17)
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