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Tiếng Anh

T

(tiếp theo)

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Thất thánh tài. Saptadhana (S).Tín, faith; Giới, observance of the commandments; Tàm, shame (for self); Quí, shame (for others); Đa văn, hearing instruction; Trí tuệ, wisdom; Xả li, renunciation.

Thất thắng sự. The seven surpassing qualities of a Buddha. Also thất chủng vô thượng. They are his body or person, his universal law, wisdom, perfection, destination (nirvàna), ineffable truth, and deliverance.

Thất thất. The period of forty nine days after death, when masses are said every seventh day till the seventh seventh day.

Thất thập. Saptati (S). Seventy.

Thất thập ngũ. Pancasaptati (S). Seventy-five.

Thất thập ngũ pháp. The seventy-five dharmas of the Abhidharma-Kosa, which classifies all phenomena under seventy-five categories, or elements, divided into five groups: (1) Sắc pháp rùpani, material, 11; (2) Tâm pháp cittam, mind,1; (3) Tâm sở hữu pháp, citta-samprayuktasamskàràh, mental qualities, 46; (4) Tâm bất tương ưng hành pháp citta-vipravuktasamskàrah, non mental, 14; (5) Vô vi pháp asamskrta, non phenomenal elements, 3.

Thất thập tam tôn. The "Diamond world" mandala, or pantheon, of the esoteric sect, containing seventy three honoured ones.

Thất thiện. The seven excellences claimed for the Buddha's teaching: good in its thời timing or seasonableness, nghĩa meaning, ngữ expression, độc pháp uniqueness, cụ túc completeness, thanh tịnh điều nhu pure adaptability, and phạm hạnh its noble objective, nirvàna.

Thất tình. The seven emotions: hỉ pleasure; nộ anger; ái love; ố hate; ai sorrow; dục desire; lạc joy.

Thất tông. The seven Japanese sects of Luật Ritsu (J), Pháp tướng Hossò, Tam luận Sanron, Hoa nghiêm Kegon, Thiên thai Tendai, Chân ngôn Shingon, and Thiền Zen.

Thất trí. The seven knowins - to know the Law, its meaning, the times for all duties, moderation, oneself, the different classes of people, and people as individual.

Thật. Real, true, honest, sincere; solid; fixed; full; to fill; fruit, kernel, effects; verily, in fact; it is used for chân as in chân thật the supreme fact, or ultimate reality; also for bhùta.

Thật báo độ. The land of Buddha-reward in Reality free from all barriers, that of the bodhisattva, the third of the four lands of Thiên Thai. A Buddha ksetra.

Thật đại thừa giáo. The real Mahàyàna, freed from temporal, relative or expedient ideas; the Thiên Thai, Hoa Nghiêm, Thiền, Chân ngôn schools claim to be such.

Thật đạo. The true way, the true religion, absolute Buddha-truth.

Thật đế. A truth; the true statement of a fundamental principle.

Thật giáo. The teaching of Reality; also the real, or reliable teaching.

Thật hóa. The real or noumenal Buddha as contrasted with quyền hóa the temporal or phenomenal Buddha; the thật hóa nhị thân are his báo thân sambhogakàya and his hóa thân nirmànakàya.

Thật không. Absolute sùnya, or vacuity; all things being produced by cause and environment are unreal.

Thật kinh. The true sùtra as contrasted to the relative or temporary sùtras, a term of the Lotus school.

Thật ngã. The true ego, in contrast with giả ngã phenomenal ego.

Thật ngữ. True, or reliable words; words corresponding to reality; discussions of Reality.

Thật nhãn. An eye able to discern reality, i.e. the Buddha-eye.

Thật sắc thân. The real Buddha-body, or his sambhogakàya in contrast with his nirmànakàya.

Thật tính. Real nature, or essence, i.e. the chân như bhùtatathatà.

Thật tế. The region of Reality.

Thật tế lí địa. The noumenal universe, the bhùtatathatà.

Thật tướng. Reality, in contrast with hư vọng; absolute fundamental reality, the ultimate, the absolute; the pháp thân dhamakàya, or chân như bhùtatathatà. Other terms are nhất thật, nhất như, nhất tướng, vô tướng, pháp chứng, niết bàn, vô vi, chân đế, chân tính, chân không, thật tính, thật đế, thật tế.

Thật tướng ấn. The seal or witness of reality, which is passed on from Buddha to Buddha.

Thật tướng quán. Insight into, or meditation on Reality.

Thật tướng trí thân. The body of absolute, knowledge or of complete knowledge of reality, i.e. that of Vairocana.

Thật tướng tuệ. Wisdom in regard to reality.

Thật tướng pháp giới. The first half is a Lotus sùtra term for Reality, the latter half a Hoa Nghiêm term for the same.

Thật tướng tam muội. The samàdhi of reality, in which the unreality of the phenomenal is realized.

Thật tướng vô tướng. Reality is Nullity, i.e. is devoid of phenomenal characteristics, unconditioned.

Thật trí. The knowledge or wisdom of Reality in contrast with quyền trí knowledge of the relative.

Thật xoa nan đà. Siksànanda (S). A sramana of Kustana (Khotan) who in A.D. 695 introduced a new alphabet into China and translated nineteen works.

Thế. Yuga (S). An age, 1,000th part of a kalpa. Loka (S). The world.

Thế anh. World hero, like Buddha. Also Thế hùng.

Thế đại. A generation, a life time; the world.

Thế đế. Ordinary or worldly truth, opposite to Chân đế truth in reality. Also Tục đế, Thế tục đế.

Thế đệ nhất pháp. The highest of the Tứ gia hạnh vị.

Thế điển. Non-Buddhist classical works.

Thế gian. The world; in the world; the finite impermanent world. Also Thế giới..

Thế gian giải. Lokavid (S). Knower of the World, one of the ten titles of a Buddha.

Thế gian nhãn. The Eye of the world, the eyes that see for all men. Worldly or ordinary eyes. Also Thế nhãn.

Thế gian pháp. The world-law, or law of this world, especially of birth and death.

Thế gian thừa. The Vehicle, or teaching for the attainment of good fruit in the present life, in contrast with Xuất thế gian thừa that for attainment in lives outside this world.

Thế gian trí. Wordly knowledge.

Thế gian tướng thường trụ. World-forms, systems, or states are eternal (as existing in the Absolute, the chân như).

Thế giới. Loka (S). The finite world, the world, a world, which is of two kinds: (1) Chúng sinh thế giới, that of the living, who are receiving their chính báo correct recompense of karma; (2) Khí thế giới, that of the material, or that on which karma depends for expression.

Thế giới chủ. The lord, or ruler over a world or dhyàna heaven, one for each of the four dhyàna heavens.

Thế giới tất đàn. One of the four siddhantas; the Buddha's line of reasoning in earthly or common terms to draw men to the higher truth.

Thế Hữu. Vasumitra (S).

Thế luận. Wordly discussions; ordinary unenlghtened ways of description or definition; also styled ác luận evil discussions, especially when applied to the hedonistic Lokàyatika teachings.

Thế nhãn. Xem thế gian nhãn.

Thế pháp. Common or ordinary dharmas.

Thế Tôn. Lokajyestha (S). World's most Venerable, World's Honoured One. World-honoured, an epithet of all Buddhas.

Thế Thân. Vasubhandu (S). Also Thiên Thân.

Thế thế sinh sinh. Transmigration after transmigration in the six stages of mortal existence.

Thế thiên. The Lord of the world, Brahmà Phạm thiên; Mahesvara Đại tự tại thiên; The four mahàrajàs tứ đại thiên vương. Also thế chủ.

Thế trí. Xem thế tục trí.

Thế trí biện thông. Worldly eloquent.

Thế chí Bồ tát. Xem Đại thế chí Bồ tát.

Thế phát. Mundaka, munda (S). To shave the hair, following Sàkyamuni, who cut off his locks with a sharp sword to signify his cutting himself off the world. Also Thế trừ tu phát, Cắt tóc cạo râu.

Thế tục. Laukika (S). Common or ordinary things, custom, experiences, common or wordly ways (or views).

Thế tục trí. Ordinary, or worldly knowledge, or wisdom.

Thế Tự tại Vương. Lokesvararàja (S). A Buddha under whom Amitàbha, in a previous existence, entered into the ascetic life and made his forty-eight vows.

Thế y. He on whom the world relies - Buddha.

Thệ đa lâm. Jetavana (S)

Thệ nguyện. Pranidhàna (S). Vow.

Thi. A corpse; to manage.

Thi ba la mật. Sìlapàramità (S) Morality, the second of the pàramitàs.

Thi Ca La Việt. Sigàlovada (P).

Thi Ca La Việt kinh. Sigàlovada-sutta (P). Also Thiện sinh kinh.

Thi Khí. Sikkhin (S). (1) The 999th Buddha of the last kalpa, whom Sàkyamuni is said to have met. (2) The second of the seven Buddhas of antiquity.

Thi la. Sìla (S). Restraint, or keeping the commandments. The second pàramità, moral purity.

Thi la Ba la mật. Xem Thi ba la mật.

Thi la bí đà la. Silabhadra (S). Also Giới Hiền luận sư.

Thi la thanh tịnh. Moral purity, essential to enter into samàdhi

Thi lợi. Sri (S). Also sư lợi, thất lợi, thất li, tu lợi; (1) Fortune, prosperity; high rank, success, good fortune, virtues. (2) The wife of Visnu. (3) An honorific prefix or affix to names of gods, great men, and books. (4) An exclamation at the head of liturgies. (5) An abbreviation for Manjusri.

Thí. Dàna (S). Alms; charity. To give, grant, bestow, to distribute. Also thi.

Thí ân. To grant s.o. a favour; to do s.o. a kindness. Thi ân bất cầu báo to do good for its own sake.

Thí ba la mật. Dàna-pàramità (S).

Thí chủ. Dànapati (S). An almsgiver, a benefactor, a patron of Buddhism.

Thí hóa. To bestow the transforming truth.

Thí pháp. To dispense the Buddha's teachings.

Thí tăng. To give alms to monks.

Thí thực. To bestow food.

Thí vô úy. Abhayandada (S). The bestower of fearlessness, a tittle of Quán Âm.

Thị. To indicate, notify, proclaim.

Thị đạo. To indicate the Way.

Thị giáo. To point out and instruct.

Thị hiện. To appear, to manifest

Thị tịch. To indicate the way of nirvàna.

Thị giả. A senior bonze's attendant.

Thích. To separate out, set free, unloose, explain; Buddhism, Buddhist.

Thích Ca Mâu Ni. Sàkyamuni (S)

Thích chúng. Buddhist.

Thích chủng. Sàkya-seed; the Sàkya clan; the disciples of Sàkyamuni, especially monks and nuns.

Thích đề hoàn nhân. Sakro-devànàmindra (S). Sakra the Indra of the devas, the sky-god, the god of the nature-gods, ruler of the thirty tree heavens, a deva protector of Buddhism.

Thích điển. The scriptures of Buddhism.

Thích gia. The Sàkya family, i.e. the expounders of Buddhist sùtras and scriptures.

Thích giáo. Buddhism.

Thích luận. The Pràjna-pàramità-sùtra; also explanatory discussions, or notes on foundation treatises.

Thích Ma Nam. Sàkya-Mahanama-Kulika (S). One of the first five of the Buddha's disciples.

Thích môn. The school of Sàkyamuni, Buddhism.

Thích nghi. Explanation of doubtful points, solution of doubts.

Thích nữ. The woman of the Sàkya clan.

Thích tử. Sàkyaputrìya (S). Sons of Sàkyamuni, i.e. his disciples in general.

Thích Phạm Hộ Thế. Indra and Brahma, both protectors of Buddhism.

Thiên. Heaven; the sky; a day. A deva or divine being, deity. Tam chủng thiên, the three classes of devas: (1) Danh thiên, famous rulers on earth styled thiên vương, thiên tử; (2) Sinh thiên, the highest incarnations of the six paths; (3) Tịnh thiên, the pure, or the saints, from sravakas to pratyekabuddhas. The four classes of devas include (1),(2),(3) above and (4) Nghĩa thiên, all bodhisattvas above the ten stages thập trụ. Đệ nhất nghĩa thiên: a supreme heaven with bodhisattvas and Buddhas in eternal immutability.

Thiên bộ. The classes of devas; the host of devas, the host of heaven.

Thiên bộ thiện thần. Brahmà, Indra, the Four Devaloka-ràjas, and the other spirit guardians of Buddhism.

Thiên cái. A Buddha's canopy, or umbrella; a nimbus of rays of light, a halo.

Thiên chân. Bhùtatathatà (S). Permanent reality underlying all phenomena, pure and unchanging. e.g. the sea in contrast with the waves; nature, the natural.

Thiên chân Phật. The real or ultimate Buddha.

Thiên chúng. The host of heaven, Brahma, Indra, and all their host.

Thiên chủ. Devapati (S). The Lord of devas, a tittle of Indra.

Thiên cổ. The divine drum in the Thiện pháp đường Good Law Hall of the Trayas-trimsas heavens, which sounds of itself, warning the inhabitants of the thirty three heavens that even their life is impermanent and subject to karma; at the sound of the drum Indra preaches against excess.

Thiên cơ. Natural capacity; the nature bestowed by Heaven.

Thiên cung. Devapura, devaloka (S). The palace of devas, the abode of the gods.

Thiên cung bảo tạng. A library of the sùtras. The treasury of all the sùtras in the Tusita Heaven in Maitreya's palace. Another collection is said to be in the Long cung or Dragon's palace, but is associated with Nagàrjuna.

Thiên đài tông. Tendai-shu (J). Xem Thiên Thai.

Thiên đại tướng quân. Deva-guardian.

Thiên đạo. Devagati, devasopàna (S). The highest of the six paths lục đạo, the realm of devas, i.e. the eighteen heavens of form and four of formlessness. A place of enjoyment but not a place of progress toward bodhisattva perfection.

Thiên đế. King, or Emperor of Heaven, i.e. Nhân đà la Indra, Đế Thích Sakra king of the devaloka.

Thiên đường. The mansions of the devas, located between the earth and the Brahmalokas; the heavenly halls; heaven.

Thiên đường địa ngục. The heavens and the hells, places of reward or punishment for moral conduct.

Thiên hạnh. A bodhisattva's natural or spontaneous correspondence with fundamental law; one of the ngũ hạnh of the Niết Bàn kinh.

Thiên hạ. The world; here below; on earth.

Thiên hoa. Divine flowers, stated in the Lotus sùtra as of four kinds, mạn đà la mandàras, ma ha mạn đà la mahàmandàras, mạn thù sa manjùsakas, ma ha mạn thù sa mahàmanjùsakas, the first two white, the last two red.

Thiên hương. Deva incense, divine or excellent incense.

Thiên long. Devas, including Brahmà, Indra, and the devas, together with the nàgas.

Thiên long bát bộ. Devas, nàgas and others of the eight classes: thiên, devas; long, nàgas; dạ xoa, yaksas; càn thát bà, gandharas; a tu la, asuras; ca lâu la, garudas; khẩn na la, kinnaras; ma hầu la già, mahoragas.

Thiên ma. Deva Màra (S). One of the four màras tứ ma who dwells in the sixth heaven, Paranirmita-vasa-vartin, at the top of the Kàmadhàtu, with his inumerable host , whence he constantly obstruct the Buddha truth and its followers. He is also styled Sát giả the slayer; also Ba tuần explained by ác ái sinful love or desire as he sends his daughters to seduce the saints.

Thiên ma ngoại đạo. Màras and heretics.

Thiên ngữ. The deva language, i.e. that of the Brahman, Sanskrit.

Thiên nhạc. Heavenly music, the music of the inhabitants of the heavens.

Thiên nhãn. Divyacaksus (S). The deva-eye; the first of abhijnà lục thông; one of the five classes of eyes; divine sight unlimited vision; all things are open to it, large and small, near and distant, the destiny of all beings in future rebirths.

Thiên nhãn lực. The power of the celestial or deva eye, one of the ten powers of a Buddha.

Thiên nhãn minh. One of the three enlightenments tam minh, or clear vision of the saints, which enables him to know the future rebirths of himselfand all beings.

Thiên nhãn thông.Diviyacaksu (S). Divine eye.

Thiên nhãn trí thông nguyện. The sixth of Amitàbha's forty eight vows, that he would not enter the final stage until all beings had obtained this divine vision.

Thiên nhãn trí. The wisdom obtained by the deava eye.

Thiên nhãn trí chứng thông. The complete universal knowledge and assurance of the deva eye.

Thiên nhân. Devas and men.

Thiên nhân sư. Sasta Devamanusyànàm (S). Teacher of devas and men, one of the ten epithet of a Buddha.

Thiên nữ. Devakanyà, apsaras (S). Goddess in general.

Thiên nhĩ. Divyasrotra (S). Deva ear, divine ear; celestial ear.

Thiên nhĩ thông. The second of the abhijnàs lục thông, by which devas in the form-world, certain arhats through the fourth dhyàna, and others can hear all sounds and understand all languages in the realm of form, with resulting wisdom.

Thiên nhĩ trí chứng thông. The complete universal knowledge and assurance of the deva ear.

Thiên nhĩ trí thông nguyện. The seventh of the forty eight vows of Amitàbha, not to become Buddha until all obtained the divine ear.

Thiên sứ. Divine messengers, especially those of Yama; also his tam thiên sứ old age, sickness and death.

Thiên Thai đại sư. The actual founder of the Thiên Thai school, Trí Khải.

Thiên Thai tông. The T'ien T'ai or Tendai sect đounded by Trí Khải. It bases its tenets on the Lotus sùtra.

Thiên Thai Trí Giả. Trí Khải, his tự is Đức An and his surname is Trần, AD 538-597. Studying under Huệ Tư, he was greatly influenced by his teaching; and found in the Lotus sùtra, the real interpretation of Mahàyànism. In 575 he first came to Thiên Thai Sơn or Heavenly Terrace mountain and establish his school, which in turn was the foundation of important Buddhist shools in Korea and Japan.

Thiên Thân. Vasubandhu, younger brother of Asanga, wrote Câu Xá Luận, Duy Thức Luận, etc. He was the twenty first Indian patriarch.

Thiên thần. Deva, Devatà (S). (1) Brahmà and the gods in genaral, including the inhabitants of the devalokas, all sbject to metempsychosis; (2) The fifteenth patriarch, disciple of Nàgàrjuna, also styled Devabodhisattva Đề Bà Bồ tát, Aryadeva Thánh Thiên and Nilanetra Thanh Mục blue eyed.

Thiên thần địa kì. The spirits Thiên thần are Indra and his retenue; devas in general; and Địa kì are the earth spirits, nàgas, demons, ghosts, etc.

Thiên thụ vương. The pàrijàta tree ba lợi chất đa, which grows in front of Indra's palace - the king among the heavenly tree.

Thiên thực. Sudhà (S). Food of the gods, sweet dew, ambrosia, nectar.

Thiên thừa (thặng). Devayàna (S). The deva vehicle, one of the five vehicles. It transports observers of the ten good qualities thập thiện to one ođ the six deva realms of desire.

Thiên thượng. The heavens above.

Thiên thượng thiên hạ duy ngã độc tôn. The first words attributed to Sàkyamuni after his first seven steps when born from his mother's right side: "In the heavens above and (earth) beneath I alone is the honoured one." This announcement is ascribed to every Buddha.

Thiên tiên. Deva-rsis (S). Immortals.

Thiên trung thiên. Devàtideva (S). Deva of devas, the name given to Siddhartha when, on his presentation in the temple of Thiên Vương Mahesvara (Siva), the statues of all the gods prostrated themselves before him.

Thiên trúc. India.

Thiên tôn. The most honoured among devas, a tittle of a Buddha, i.e. the highest of divine beings.

Thiên từ. Devàlaya, Devatàgàra (S). Brahminical temples.

Thiên tử. A son of Heavens, the Emperor-Princes.

Thiên vương. Maharàja devas (S). Tứ thiên vương, Catur-mahàràja, The four deva kings in the first or lowest devakoka, on its four sides. East Trì quốc Thiên vương Dhrtaràstra; South Tăng trưởng Thiên vương, Virùdhaka; West Quảng mục

Thiên vương. Virùpaksa; North Đa văn Thiên vương, Dhanada, or Vaisravana, as guardians of the monasteries, where their images are seen in the hall at the entrance, which is sometimes called Thiên vương đường, hall of the deva kings.

Thiên vương Như lai. Deva-ràja Tathàgata (S). The name by which Devadatta, the enemy of Sàkyamuni, will be known on his future appearance as a Buddha in the universe called Thiên Đạo Devasopàna.

Thiên y. Deva garments of extreme lightness.

Thiên thủ thiên nhãn Quán thế âm. Sahasrabhùjàriy-Avalokitesvara (S). Avalokitesvara with a thousand hands and a thousand eyes.

Thiền. To level a place for an altar, to sacrifice to the hills and mountains; to abdicate. Adopted by Buddhists for dhyàna thiền na, i.e. meditation, abstraction, trance. Dhyàna is "meditation, thought, reflection, especially profound and abstract religious contemplation". It was intp. as "getting rid of evil" , etc., later as tĩnh lự quiet meditation. It is a form of Định but that word is more closely allied with samàdhi.

Thiền ba la mật. Dhyàna-paramita (S). Perfection of the meditation.

Thiền bệnh. The ills of meditation, i.e. wandewing thoughts, illusions. The illusions and nervous troubles of the mystic.

Thiền cư. A meditation abode; to dwell in meditation; a hermitage; a hermit monk.

Thiền duyệt. Joy of the mystic trance; joy derived from meditation.

Thiền duyệt thực. Nourishing powers from meditation.

Thiền định. One of the six pàramitàs. There are numerous methods and subjects of meditation. Thiền is dhyàna, Định is an interpretation of samàdhi. Thiền is one element of định, which covers the whole ground of meditation, concentration abstraction, reaching to the ultimate beyond emotion or thinking.

Thiền độ. Dhyana-paramita (S). Xem thiền ba la mật.

Thiền đường. Meditation hall of Thiền tông. A common name of the monastic hall.

Thiền giáo. The teaching of Thiền tông. Also thiền the esoteric tradition and giáo the teaching of the scriptures.

Thiền hà. The dhyàna river.

Thiền hành. The methods employed in meditation; the practices or discipline of Thiền tông. Zen sect.Walking meditation.

Thiền hóa. The transforming character of Thiền.

Thiền học. Zen study.

Thiền lạc. Joy and peace of the abstract meditation.

Thiền lâm. Grove of meditation, i.e. a monastery. Monasteries are numerous as trees in a forest.

Thiền lục. The records of Thiền tông.

Thiền lữ. Fellow-meditators; fellow-monks.

Thiền môn. The meditative method in general. The intuitional school established in China by Bodhidharma.

Thiến môn ngũ tông. Five Ch'an schools: Lâm tế, Qui ngưỡng, Vân môn, Pháp nhãn and Tào động.

Thiền môn qui củ. The monastic routine.

Thiền na. Dhyàna (S). Abstract contemplation.

Thiền Phạm Thiên. The three Brahmaloka heavens of the first dhyàna.

Thiền pháp. Methods of meditation.

Thiền quyền. The meditation fist (musti), the sign of meditation shown by the left fist, the right indicating wisdom.

Thiền quán. Dhyàna-contemplation.

Thiền sư. A master, or teacher, of meditation, or of Thiền tông.

Thiền tam muội. Dhyàna and samàdhi, dhyàna considered as tư duy meditating, samàdhi as định abstraction.

Thiền tăng. A monk of Thiền tông Ch'an sect; a monk in meditation.

Thiền tâm. The mind in a state of abstraction.

Thiền tập. The practice of meditation; the practice of religion through the mystic trance.

Thiền thất. Meditation hall or room; other similar terms are thiền quán, thiền phòng, thiền viện, thiền đường, thiền cư.

Thiền tĩnh. Meditation and quietness.

Thiền tông. Zen Buddhism.

Thiền tuệ. Dhyàna and Wisdom.

Thiền tủy. The marrow of meditation - a term for the Lankavatara sùtra.

Thiền tọa. To sit cross-legged in meditation.

Thiền tông. The Ch'an, meditative or intuitional sect, usually said to have been established in China by Bodhidharma, the twenty eighth patriarch, who brought the tradition of the Buddha-mind from India. This sect, believing in direct enlightenment, disregarded ritual and sùtras and depended upon the inner light and personal influence for the propagation of its tenets.

Thiền tông ngữ lục. Records of the Zen sect.

Thiền thiên. Dhyàna heavens, four in numbers. where those who practise meditation may be reborn.

Thiền trí. Meditation and wisdom.

Thiền trượng. A staff or pole for touching those who fall asleep while assembled in meditation. Bonze's crosier.

Thiền vị. Meditation flavour; the mysterious taste or sensation experienced by one who enters abstract mediatation.

Thiện. Su, sàdhu, bhadra, kusala (S). Good, virtuous, well; good at; skilful.

Thiện ác. Good and evil; good, inter alia, is defined as thuận lí to accord with the right, evil as nghịch lí to disobey the right.

Thiện bản. Good stock, or roots, planting good seed or roots; good in the root of enlightenment.

Thiện căn. Kusala-mùla (S). Good roots, good qualities, good seed sown by a good life to be reaped later.

Thiện đạo. Good way, good direction.

Thiện đức. Morality, virtue.

Thiện giả thiện báo. A good turn deserves another.

Thiện Giác Vương. King Suppabuddha, father of the princess Yasodhara.

Thiện hạnh. Good deed, virtuous act.

Thiện Hỉ. Upananda (S). Name

Thiện Hiền. Subhadra (S). The last disciple of the Buddha. Also Tu bạt đà la.

Thiện Hiện. Well-appearing, name of Subhùti.

Thiện hiện thiên. Sudrsa (S). The seventh Brahmaloka; the eighth region of the fourth dhyàna.

Thiện hữu. Kalyànamitra (S). A friend of virtue, a religious counseller; a friend in the good life, or one who stimulates to goodness.

Thiện Kiến. Sudarsana (S). Good to see, good for seeing, belle vue, etc. Another name of A xà thế Ajatasatru.

Thiện Kiến thiên. Sudarsana (S). A heaven of the fourth dhyàna in the Realm of Form.

Thiện kiếp. Bhadrakalpa (S). A good kalpa, especially that in which we now live.

Thiện lai. Svàgata, susvàgata (S). "Welcome"; well come, a title of Buddha.

Thiện nam. Xem Ưu bà tắc.

Thiện nam tử. Good sons, or sons of good families. one of the Buddha's term of address to his disciples, somewhat resembling "gentlemen".

Thiện nam tín nữ. Good men and believing women.

Thiện nghiệp. Punyakarma (S). Meritorious action. Also Nghiệp lành.

Thiện ngôn. Good word.

Thiện Nha. Sudàna (S). A former name of the Buddha. Also Tô đạt nã.

Thiện nhân. A good man, especially one who believes in Buddhist ideas of causality and lives a good life.

Thiện nhân. Good causation, i.e. a good cause for a good effect.

Thiện nữ. Xem Ưu bà di.

Thiện pháp. Kusala-dharma (S). Meritorious action, good dharma.

Thiện quả. Good fruit from thiện nhân; good fortune in life resulting from previous goodness.

Thiện Sinh. Sujàta (S). Well born, of high birth. Also Susambhava, a former incarnation of Sàkyamuni.

Thiện Sinh kinh. Sigàlovàda-sutta (P). Name of a sùtra. Also Thi ca la việt kinh.

Thiện tai. Sàdhu (S). Good! Excellent!

Thiện Tài Đồng tử. Sudhana (S). A disciple mentioned in the Hoa Nghiêm Kinh.

Thiện tâm. A good heart, or mind.

Thiện Thí. Sudatta (S). Name. Also Tô đạt đa.

Thiện tính. Good nature, good in nature, or in fundamental quality.

Thiện thần. The good devas, or spirits, who protect Buddhism.

Thiện theä. Sugata (S). Well departed, gone as he should go; a tittle of Buddha.

Thiện tri. Vibhàvana (S). Clear and deep understanding.

Thiện tri thức. A good friend or intimate, one well known and intimate.

Thiện tuệ địa. Sàdhumati (S)

Thiện tú (túc). Abiding in goodness, disciples who keep eight commandments, upavasatha, posadha.

Thiện vô lậu pháp. Kusalanàsravàh (S). Good things free from evil flowings

Thiện Vô úy. Subhàkarasimha (S). A famous Indian monk, came to China in 716 to propagate the Esoteric Buddhism.

Thiện xảo. Clever, skilful, adroit, apt.

Thiện xứ. Good abode, realm.

Thiết vi sơn. The great circular iron enclosure.

Thiệt. Jihvà (S). The tongue.

Thiệt căn. The organ of taste.

Thiệt thức. Tongue-perception.

Thiệt tướng. The broad, long tongue of a Buddha, one of the thirty two physical signs.

Thiếu lâm tự. Shao lin (C). The monastery at Thiếu thất, where Bodhidharma sat with his face to a wall for nine years.

Thiếu thất. Shao-shih (C). A hill on the Tung Sơn where Bodhidharma set up his Thiếu lâm tự.

Thiếu thất lục môn. Six brief treatises attributed to Bodhidharma.

Thiểu. Few.

Thiểu dục tri túc. Content with few desires.

Thiểu quang thiên. Parittàbha (P). A heaven.

Thiểu tịnh thiên. Parittasubhas (S). The first and smallest heaven in the third dhyàna region of form.

Thính. To hear, listen, hearken; listen to, obey.

Thính giáo. Those who hear the Buddha's doctrine; those who obey.

Thính kinh. To hear the recitation of the scripture.

Thọ mệnh. Jìvita (S). Span of life, life.

Thoái. Retire, withdraw, backslide, recede, yield.

Thoái chuyển. To withdraw and turn back i.e. from any position attained.

Thoái đại. To backslide from Mahàyàna (and revert to Hìnayàna)

Thoái định. To backslide from meditation.

Thoái một. To be reborn in a lower stage of existence.

Thoái sơ tâm. To recede the initial mind.

Thoại đầu. Xem công án.

Thoát khỏi. Vivarjana (S). Abandoning, abstainimg from.

Thô. Sthàla (S). Coarse, rough, crude, unrefined, immature.

Thô ác ngữ. Coarse, evil, slanderous language

Thô ác uyển. The rough and evil park, one of Indra's four parks, that of armaments and war.

Thô ngôn. Coarse, crude, rough, immature words or talk.

Thô ngữ. Coarse language.

Thô tướng. The six grosser or cruder form of enlightenment or ignorance mentioned in the Khởi tín luận in contrast with its three finer forms.

Thô nhân. The immature man of Hìnayàna, who has a rough foundation, in contrast with the mature or refined tế nhân man of Mahàyàna. Thiên Thai Tông applied thô to the Tạng, Thông, Biệt schools, reseving tế for the Viên school.

Thô tướng. Crude appearance, unrefined manifestation.

Thố giác. Sasa-visàna (S). A rabbit's horns, i.e. the non existent; all phenomena are as unreal as a rabbit's horns.

Thốc. Bald. Thốc cư sĩ. Thốc nhân. A monk, sometimes used as a term of abuse.

Thông. Permeate, pass through, pervade; perceive; know thoroughly; communicate; current; free; without hindrance, unimpeded, universal, e.g. thần thông supernatural, ubiquitous powers. There are categories of ngũ thông, lục thông and thập thông, all referring to supernatural powers.

Thông biệt nhị tự. The general and specific introduction to a sùtra; như thị ngã văn being the thông tự general introduction in every sùtra.

Thông đạt. To pervade, perceive; unimpeded, universal.

Thông đạt tâm. To attain to the enlightened mind; the stage of one who has passed through the novitiate and understand the truth.

Thông giáo. Thiên Thai classified Buddhist schools into four periods tạng, thông, biệt, and viên. The tạng pitaka school was that of Hìnayàna. The thông interrelated or intermediate school, was the first stage of Mahàyàna, having in it elements of all the three vehicles. The biệt is separate, or differentiated Mahàyàna teaching. The viên is full-orbed, complete, or perfect Mahàyàna. The Thông Giáo held the doctrine of the Void, but had not arrived at the doctrine of the Mean.

Thông hành. The thoroughfare, or path which leads to nirvàna.

Thông hóa. Perpicacious, or influential teaching; universal powers of teaching.

Thông hoặc. The two all-pervading deluders kiến and tư, seeing and thinking wrongly, i.e. taking appearance for reality.

Thông huyền. To see through the mysteries (of nature, etc.)

Thông lợi. Intelligence keen as a blade, able to penetrate truth.

Thông lực. The capacity to employ supernatural powers without hindrance. Buddhas, bodhisattvas, etc., have thần lực spiritual or transcendent power; demons have nghiệp lực power acquired through their karma.

Thông minh tuệ. The six thông, three minh and three tuệ.

Thông tuệ. Supernatural powers and wisdom, the former being based on the latter.

Thờ phụng. Apacàyana (P). Worship, reverence. Also Kính lễ.

Thời gian. Kala (S). Time. Also Thật thời.

Thời luân giáo. Kàlacakra-Tantra (S). Name of a sect.

Thời tiết. Samaya (S). Time, Season. Also Giả thời.

Thù. To kill, exterminate; different; very.

Thù diệu thân. Surpassingly wonderful body, i.e. Padmottara, the 729th Buddha of the present kalpa.

Thù đặc. Particular, very special.

Thù thắng. Rare, extraordinary, surpassing, as the thù thắng điện and trì surpassing palace and lake of Indra.

Thủ. Head.

Thủ đà. Sùdra (S). The fourth of the four castes, peasants.

Thủ đồ đà na. Suddhodana (S). Xem Tịnh Phạn Vương.

Thủ hộ đại thiên quốc độ kinh. Mahàsahasrapramardana (S). Name of a sùtra.

Thủ lăng già ma. Surangama (S). Also Thủ lăng nghiêm.

Thủ lăng nghiêm. Suramgama (S). Heroic, resolute; the virtue or power which enables a Buddha to overcome every obstacle, obtained in the Thủ lăng nghiêm định or tam muội.

Thủ lăng nghiêm định. Suramgama dhyàna or samàdhi.

Thủ lăng Nghiêm kinh. Suramgama-sùtra (S).

Thủ lăng nghiêm tam muội. Xem thủ lăng nghiêm định.

Thủ tọa. The chief seat, president, chief.

Thủ. Upàdàna (S). To grasp, hold on to, held by, be attached to, love; used as indicating both ái love or desire and phiền não the vexing passions and illusions. It is one of the twelve nidànas thập nhị nhân duyên the grasping at or holding on to self-existence and things.

Thủ ấn. Mudràhasta (S). Mystic positions of the hand (to make a seal).

Thủ khẩu ý tương ưng. In Yoga practices, it means correspondance of hand, mouth, and mind, i.e. manual signs, esoteric words, and thought or mental projection.

Thủ kim cương chử. Vajrapàni (S). Who holds the thunderbolt. Also Cầm chày kim cương.

Thủ trước, To grasp, hold on to, or be held by any thing or idea.

Thủ tướng. The state of holding to the illusions of life as realities,

Thủ tướng sám. To hold repentance before the mind until the sign of Buddha's presence annihilates the sin.

Thủ uẩn. The skandhas which give rise to grasping or desire, which in turn produces the skandhas.

Thụ (Thọ). Vedanà (S). To receive, be, bear. Perception, knowledge obtained by the senses, feeling, sensation.

Thụ báo. Receive the retribution, the reward.

Thụ cụ. To receive the entire precepts.

Thụ dụng. Received for use.

Thụ dụng độ. The realm of Sambhogakayà.

Thụ dụng thân. The Sambhogakàya, i.e. the functioning glorious body, tự thụ dụng for a Buddha's own use, or bliss; tha thụ dụng for the spiritual benefit of others.

Thụ giả. The recipient (e.g. of the rules). The illusory view that the ego will receive reward or punishment in a future life.

Thụ giới. To receive or accept the commandments, or rules.

Thụ hưởng. Sambhoga (S). Enjoyment.

Thụ kí. To receive from a Buddha predestination (to become a Buddha); the prophecy of a bodhisattva's future Buddhahood. Also thụ quyết, thụ biệt.

Thụ nghiệp. Duties of the receiver of the rules; also to receive the results or karma of one's deeds.

Thụ quyết. Buddha's prediction. Also thụ kí.

Thụ trì. To receive and retain, or hold on to, or keep (the Buddha's teaching).

Thụ tuế. To receive, or add, a year to his monastic age, on the conclusion of the summer's retreat.

Thụ, Tưởng, Hành, Thức. The four immaterial skandhas: vedanà feeling, samjnà ideation, samskàra reaction, vijnàna consciousness.

Thụ uẩn. Vedanà (S). Sensation, one of the five skandhas.

Thụ. Vrksa (S). A tree; to stand, erect, establish.

Thụ đề. Tejas (S). Fire.

Thụ vương. King of the trees, the Bodhi-tree.

Thuấn nhã. Sùnya (S). Emptiness. Also không.

Thuấn nhã đa. Sùnyatà (S). State of Emptiness, state of being devoid. Không.

Thuần. One-coloured, unadulterated, pure, sincere.

Thuần Đà. Cunda (S). Who is believed to have supplied Sàkyamuni with his last meal.

Thuần khiết. Parisuddhi (S). Purity. Also trong sạch.

Thuần nhất. Pure, unmixed, solely, simply, entirely.

Thuận. Accord with, comply, yield, obey, agreeable.

Thuận hạ phần kết. The five ties in the lower realm, which hold the individual in the realms of desire, i.e. desire, resentment, egoism, false tenets and doubt.

Thuận hóa. To accord with one's lessons; to follow the customs; to die.

Thuận lưu. Going with the stream, i.e. of transmigration, customs, etc.

Thuận nhẫn. The third of the five bodhisattva stages of endurance, i.e. from the fourth to sixth stage.

Thuận phận. To follow out one's duties; to accord with one's calling; to carry out the line of bodhisattva progress according to plan.

Thuận thế. To accord with the world, its way and customs; to die.

Thuận thứ. According to order or rank, one after another, the next life in Paradise to follow immediately after this without intervening stages.

Thuận thượng phần kết. The five ties in the higher realm which hold the individual in the realms of form and formless: desire for form, desire for formlessness, restlessness, pride and ignorance.

Thuật sĩ. Magician, prestidigitator.

Thuốc. Bhaisajya (S). Medecine, medicament, remedy. Also dược.

Thủy. Jala (S). Water; liquid.

Thủy ba. Waves of water; the wave and the water are two yet one - an illustration of the identity of differences.

Thủy đại. Apo-dhàtu (S). Water element, one of the four elements tứ đại.

Thủy định. The water dhyàna, in which one becomes identified with water, for during the period of trance one may become water.

Thủy luân. The third of the four "wheels" on which the earth rests - space, wind (or air), water and metal.

Thủy luân tam muội. The samàdhi of the above water wheel, one of the ngũ luân tam muội; water is fertilizing and soft, in like manner the effect of this samàdhi is the fertilizing of good roots, and the softening or reduction of ambition and pride.

Thủy lục trai. The festival of water and land, attributed to Vũ Đế of the Lương dynasty consequent on a dream; it began with placing food in the water for water sprites, and on land for ghosts.

Thủy mạt, Bào, Diệm. Spume, bubbles and flame, e.g. that all is unreal and transient.

Thủy nguyệt. Udakacandra (S). The moon reflected in the water, i.e. all is illusory and unreal.

Thủy nhũ. Water and milk - an illustration of the intermingling of things; but their essential separateness is recognized in that the ràja-hamsa (a kind of goose) is said to be able to drink up the milk leaving behind the water.

Thủy quán. Xem thủy định. Also thủy tưởng, thủy tưởng quán.

Thủy Quán âm. Quán âm gazing at the moon in the water.

Thủy tai. The calamity of water, or flood; one of the three final world catastrophes of fire, wind and water, tam tai.

Thủy táng. Water-burial, casting a corpse into the water, one of the four forms of burial địa, thủy, hỏa, điểu táng.

Thủy thiên. Varuna (S). The heavens, or the sky, where are clouds and dragons.

Thủy thiên Phật. The 743rd Buddha of the present universe.

Thủy thượng bào. A bubble on the water, emblem of all things being transient.

Thủy tịnh. Cleansed by water; edibles recovered from flowing water are "clean" food to a monk.

Thủy trung nguyệt. Jalacandra (S). The moon's reflexion on the water.

Thủy trần. An atom of dust wandering freely in water - one of the smallest of things.

Thủy. Beginning, first, initial, thereupon.

Thủy chung. Beginning and end

Thủy giác. Initial knowledge. Xem Bản giác.

Thụy miên. Styàna-middha (S). Sloth-torpor

Thuyền. Boat, junk, ship, vessel. Buddha's Teaching.

Thuyền sư. Ship-master, skipper. Buddha.

Thuyết. To speak, say, talk, discourse, expound; speech, etc.

Thuyết chuyển bộ. Samkràntivàdin (S). Name of a sect.

Thuyết độ bộ. Xem Kinh lượng bộ.

Thuyết giả bộ. Prajnàptivàdinah (S). A branch of Màhàsanghikàh, which took the view of phenomenality and reality.

Thuyết giảng. Desanà (S). To preach.

Thuyết giới. The bi-monthly reading of the prohibitions for the order and of mutual confession.

Thuyết kinh. To expound the sùtra.

Thuyết mặc. Speech and silence.

Thuyết nhân bộ. Hetuvàdinah (S). Idem Sarvàstivàdàh.

Thuyết nhất thiết hữu bộ. Sarvàstivàdàh (S). The realistic school.

Thuyết pháp. Dharma-desanà (S). To tell or expound the law, or doctrine; to preach. Also Giảng đạo, Pháp thí.

Thuyết sự luận. Kathàvatthu (P). Book of controversies.

Thuyết thị. To tell and indicate.

Thuyết Thị. Asvajit (S). One of the five first disciples of the Buddha. Also Mã Thắng, Mã Sư.

Thuyết thông. To expound thoroughly, penetrative exposition.

Thuyết tội. To confess sin or wrong doing.

Thuyết xuất thế bộ. Lokottaravàdinah (S). A branch of the Màhàsanghikàh, which held the view that all in the world is merely phenomenal and that reality exists outside it. Also Xuất thế bộ, Lư câu đa bà thi bộ.

Thứ đệ. Vihàrapàla (S). Keeper of the pagoda. Also Bà la. Xem Duy na.

Thừa (thặng). Yana (S). A vehicle, wain, any means of conveyance; a term applied to Buddhism as carrying men to salvation.

Thức. Vijnàna (S). Consciousness; mind; perception.

Thức ảo. The illusion of perception, or mind.

Thức ăn. Ahàra (S). Food, nutriment.

Thức biến. Mental changes, i.e. all transformations or phenomenal changes, are mental, a term of the Pháp tướng school.

Thức căn. Ajnendriya (S). Faculty of knowledge.

Thức chủ. The lord of the intellect, the mind, the àlaya-vijnàna as discriminator.

Thức giới. Vijnàna-dhàtu (S). The elements of consciousness, the realm of mind, the sphere of mind, mind as a distinct realm.

Thức hải. The ocean of mind, i.e. the bhùtatathatà as the store of all mind.

Thức lãng. The waves or nodes of particularized discernment, produced on the bhùtatathatà considered as the sea of mind.

Thức tâm. The percaption mind.

Thức túc mệnh thông. Pùva-nivàsànusmrti-jnàna (S). Knowledge of all forms of previous existence of oneself and others.

Thức thực. Spiritual food, mental food, by which are kept alive the devas of the formless realms and the dwellers in the hells.

Thức uẩn. Vijnàna-skandha (S). One of the five aggregates or attributes.

Thức vô biên xứ. Vijnànancàyatana (S). Sphere of the boundless of Consciousness. Thức vô biên xứ định, the dhyàna corresponding to it. Thức vô biên xứ giải thoát, the vimoksa, or liberation from it to a higher stage.

Thức xứ thiên. The heaven of (limitles) knowledge, the second of the catur àrùpya brahmaloka, or four formless heavens.

Thức xoa ma na. Siksamànana (S). Novice observer of six precepts.

Thực. Xem Thật.

Thực. Ahàra (S). Food, to eat, feed.

Thực thể của tái sinh. Upadhi (S). Substratum of rebirth, of being.

Thực tính. Tathatà (S). Suchness, the real truth of things. Also Như như.

Thước ca ra. Unfaltering will; steadiness; unswerving in one's intention; strong determination; fixed purpose.

Thương Na Hòa Tu. Arya Sanavasa (S). The 3rd Indian Patriarch.

Thương yết la chủ. Sankarasvàmin (S). Name.

Thường. Nitya, sasvata (S). Prolonged, constant, always, unceasing, permanent, perpetual, ever, eternal; normal, regular, ordinary.

Thường ba la mật. The first of the four pàramitàs, eternity.

Thường bất khinh Bồ tát. Sadàparibhùta (S). A monk who never slighted others, but assured all of Buddhahood, a former incarnation of Sàkyamuni.

Thường bất tư nghì. Nityam-acintyam (S). Eternally unthinkable.

Thường hành. Constantly doing, or practising; ordinary procedure.

Thường hằng. Aksaya (S). Constantly, eternal; non decaying. Also trường tồn, vĩnh cửu.

Thường kiến. The view that (personality) is permanent.

Thường lạc. Everlasting joy.

Thường, Lạc, Ngã, Tịnh. The four pàramitàs of knowledge: eternity, bliss, personality, purity, the four transcendental realities in nirvàna.

Thường một. Ever drowning in the sea of mortality.

Thường nghiệp. Acinna-kamma (P). Habitual karma.

Thường niệm. Always remembering; always repeating.

Thường quang. The unceasing radiance of the Buddha's body, represented as a halo.

Thường tịch. Eternal, peace, nirvàna.

Thường tịch quang độ. The realm (of spirit) where all are in perpetual peace and glory; Thiên Thai's fourth Buddhaksetra

Thường Tinh tiến Bồ tát. Eternal vigour Bodhisattva.

Thường trí. Knowledge not conditioned by phenomena, abstract.

Thường trụ. Permanent, always abiding, eternal.

Thường trụ nhất tướng. The eternal unity or reality behind all things.

Thường trụ tam bảo. Eternally dwelling Triple Gems.

Thượng. Uttarà (S). Above, upper, superior; on; former. To ascend, offer to a superior.

Thượng bối. Superior, or highest class.

Thượng bối quán. The fourteenth of the sixteen contemplations of the Amitàbha school.

Thượng căn. A man of superior character or capacity, e.g. with superior organs of sight, hearing, etc.

Thượng cầu bản lai. Similar to the first half of Thượng cầu Bồ đề, hạ hóa chúng sinh. Above to seek bodhi, below to save all. Bản lai means the original or Buddha-nature.

Thượng chuyển. The upward turn: (1) progress upward, especially in transmifration; (2) increase in enlightenment for self, while hạ chuyển is for others.

Thượng cúng. To offer up an offering to Buddha, or to ancestors.

Thượng đường. To go into the hall to expound the doctrine; to go to a temple for the purpose of worship or bearing presents to the monks; to go to the refectory for meals.

Thượng Hạnh Bồ tát. Vidista-càritra Bodhisattva who suddenly rose out of the earth as Buddha was concluding one of his Lotus sermons.

Thượng lưu. Urdhvasrotas (S). The flow upwards, or to go upwards against the stream of transmigration to parinirvàna.

Thượng nhân. A man of superior wisdom, virtue and conduct, a term applied to monks during the Đường dynasty.

Thượng phẩm. Superior order, grade or class. Thượng phẩm liên đài. The highest stages in the Pure Land.

Thượng phẩm thượng sinh, trung sinh, hạ sinh. The three highest of the nine stages of birth in the Pure Land.

Thượng phiền não. The severe fundamental trials arising out of the ten great delusions; also the trials or distresses of present delusions.

Thượng phương, thượng thủ. An abbot. Thượng phương originally meant a mountain monastery.

Thượng sĩ. The superior disciple, who becomes perfect in (spiritually) profiting himself and others. The trung sĩ profits self but not others; the hạ sĩ neither.

Thượng tọa. Sthavira or Mahàsthavira (S). Old man, or elder; head monk, president or abbot; the first Buddhist fathers; a tittle of Mahàkàsyapa; also a monk of twenty to forty nine years standing, as trung tọa are from ten to nineteen, and hạ tọa under ten.

Thượng tọa bộ. Sthaviràh (S)> The shool of the presiding elder, or elders.

Thượng thủ. President, or presiding elders.

Thượng thừa. Mahàyàna (S). Also thượng thuật, đại thừa.

Thượng thừa mật tông. The Mahàyàna esoteric school, especially Chân ngôn tông Shingon.

Thượng thừa du già. Mahàyàna-yoga (S).

Thượng thừa thiền. Mahàyàna Zen school, which considers that it alone attains the highest realization of Mahàyàna truth.

Thượng trung hạ pháp. The three dharmas, systems or vehicles, bồ tát, duyên giác, and thanh văn, bodhisattva, pratyekabuddha, sràvaka.

Thượng y. A monk's outer robe.

Tì, tỉ. Contiguous; surrounded; hemmed in; liberal; to aid; manifest.

Tì bà ha la. Ekavyavahàrika (S). Buddhist sect. Also Nhất thuyết bộ, Chấp nhấtngữ ngôn bộ.

Tì bà sa luận. Vibhàsa-sàstra (S). A philosophical treatise by Kàtyàyaputra.

Tì bà thi. (Phật). Vipasyin (S). The first of the seven Buddhas of antiquity.

Tì bà xá na. Vipasyanà (S), Vipassana (P). Discernment, insight, correct perception or view. Also quán, minh sát thiền.

Tì bạt trí, thoái lui.

Tì da li. Vesali (S). Actual Basarth. Also Tì xá li, Quảng nghiêm thành.

Tì đề ha. Videha (S). Continent at the east of Mt Meru. Also Đông thắng thần châu, Đông đại châu.

Tì già la na, Thụ ký. Vyàkarana (S). Prediction, formal prophecy.

Tì ha la. Vihàra (S). Monastery. Also tịnh xá.

Tì khưu (kheo). Bhiksu (S). Monk, religious mendiant. Also khất sĩ, sư ông.

Tì khưu ni. Bhiksuni (S). Nun. Also sư bà.

Tì lam phong. Vairambha (S). The great wind which finally scatters the universe; the circle of wind under the circle of water on which the world rests. Also tì lam bà, bạo phong.

Tì lăng già. Xem Lăng già.

Tì lê da. Virya (S). Virility, strength, energy.

Tì lê da ba la mật. Virya Pàramità (S). Zeal, pure progress, the fourth of the ten pàramitàs.

Tì li da. Virya (S). Tinh tấn, cần hành.

Tì li da ba la mật. Xem Tinh tấn ba la mật.

Tì lô giá na Phật. Mahàvairocana-Buddha (S). Great Sun Buddha. Also Đại Nhật Như Lai.

Tì lư xá na Phật. Vairocana-Buddha (S). Sun Buddha. Đại nhật Như lai.

Tì lưu li. Virùdhaka (S). (1) Southern God Protector. Also Tăng trưởng thiên vương. (2) Crystal King, or Ác sinh vương (3)-born king, a king of Kosala (son of Prasenajit, Ba tư nặc), destroyer of Kapilavastu.

Tì ma la . Vimàla (S). A great disciple of the Buddha.

Tì ma la cật. Vimàlakìrti (S). A great Buddhist. Also Duy Ma cật, Tịnh Danh.

Tì ma túc kinh. Vekkhasana-sùtra (S)

Tì nại da. Vinaya (S) Monastic discipline. Also luật, tì ni (cựu dịch).

Tì nại da tạng. Vinaya-Pitaka (S). Basket of Discipline. Also Luật tạng.

Tì ni. Vinaya (S). Moral training; the disciplinary rules; precepts and commands.

Tì ni đa lưu chi. Vinìtaruchi (S). Name of a Patriarch.

Tì nữu (Thiên). Vishnou (S)

Tì phật lược (Kinh). Vaipulya (S). Large, spacious, phương quảng. The term is applied to sùtras of an expanded nature, especially expansion of the doctrine; in Hìnayàna the Agàmas, in Mahàyàna the sùtras of Hoa Nghiêm and Pháp Hoa type.

Tì phú la. Vipula (S). A mountain near Kusàgàrapura in Magadha.

Tì sa bà Phật. Xem Tì xá phù.

Tì sa mật đa la. Visvàmitra (S). The teacher of the prince Siddhartha.

Tì sa môn Thiên vương. Vaisravana (S). One of the four Mahàrajàs, guardian of the north, king of the Yaksas. Has the tittle Đa Văn, Phổ Văn universal or much hearing or learning.

Tì xá. Vesa (S). Entrance, home, house, adornment, prostitute; but it is probably Vaisya, the third cast of farmers and traders. Also Phệ xá.

Tì xá khư mẫu. Visàkhà (S). A wealthy matron who with her husband gave a vihàra to Sakyamuni, wife of Anàthapindika. Also Lộc mẫu.

Tì xá li. Vaisali (S). An ancient kingdom and city ođ the Licchavis, where the second synod was held, near Basarth.

Tì xá phù Phật. Visvabhù (S). The second Buddha of the 31st kalpa. The last (1,000th) Buddha of the preceding kalpa, the third of Sapta Buddha Thất Phật.

Tỉ. Ghràna (S). Nose, the organ of smell.

Tỉ cách thiền sư. Dhyàna master with nose (and other organs) shut off from sensation, i.e. a stupid mystic.

Tỉ căn. The organ of smell.

Tỉ nhập. Organ and sense of smell.

Tỉ thức. The sensation or perception of smell.

Tỉ tức. The breath of the nostrils; also the perception of smell.

Tích. Pewter, tin; to bestow.

Tích lan. Ceylon, Sri-Lanka.

Tích trượng. Khakkara (S). A monk's staff partly of metal, especially with metal rings for shaking to make announcement of one's presence, and also used for demon expulsion etc.

Tích tụ nghiệp. Katattà-kamma (P). Store up karma.

Tích. Traces, footsteps; external evidences orindications.

Tích hóa (Tích môn). Teaching or lessons derived from external events, i.e. of the Buddha's life and work, shown in the first fourteen sections of the Lotus sùtra; the second fourteen sections of that work are called bản hóa (bản môn) his direct teaching.

Tích môn thập diệu. The ten marvellous external indications.

Tịch. Prasama; vivikta; sànti (S). Still, silent, quiet, solitary, calm, tranquil, nirvàna.

Tịch chiếu. Nirvàna-illumination; ultimate reality shining forth.

Tịch chủng. The Nirvàna-class.

Tịch diệt. Nirvàna (S). Cessation of the process of becoming. Eternal Peace. Calmness and extinction.

Tịch diêt chân đế. The truth about Nirvàna.

Tịch diệt chi pháp. Viviktadharma-matibuddhi (S). Also tịch diệt tuệ, tịch tịnh pháp.

Tịch diệt nhẫn. Nirvàna-patience (suppression of all passion).

Tịch diệt tướng. Nirvàna considered independently of the phenomenal.

Tịch diệt vô nhị. Nirvàna as absolute without disunity or phenomena.

Tịch định. Tranquil concentration; contemplation in which disturbing illusion is liminated.

Tịch mệnh trí. Buddha-knowoledge of the transmigratory forms of all beings.

Tịch ngạn. The shore of peace, nirvàna.

Tịch nghiệp sư tử. The lion of nirvàna, Sàkyamuni.

Tịch nhẫn. Calmness and endurance, quiet patience.

Tịch nhiên. In calmness, quietude, silence; undisturbed.

Tịch nhiên giới. The Hìnayàna nirvàna-realm or border.

Tịch niệm. Calm thoughts; to calm the mind; contemplation.

Tịch quang. Calm and illuminating as are Truth and Knowledge; the hidden truth illuminating.

Tịch quang độ. The land (of Buddha) where is calm illumination.

Tịch tĩnh (an lạc). Sànti (S). Calm and quiet; tranquility, calmness.

Tịch tĩnh môn. Nirvàna, or the absolute nhất thiết chư pháp, as the door of release from trouble and suffering.

Tịch tĩnh hạnh. Hìnayàna discipline to ensure nirvàna.

Tịch tịnh, (cô quạnh). Vivikta (S). Secluded, solitary.

Tiệm. Gradual, by degrees, to flow little by little.

Tiệm giáo. The gradual method of teaching by beginning with the Hìnayàna and proceeding to the Mahàyàna in contrast with đốn giáo.

Tiệm thứ. Step by step, by degrees, gradually.

Tiên. Rsi (S). An immortal; an ascetic, a man of the hills; a hermit; the Buddha. The Lăng Nghiêm Kinh gives ten kinds of immortals: walkers on the earth, địa hành tiên; fliers phi hành tiên; wanderers at will du hành tiên; into space không hành tiên; into the deva heavens thiên hành tiên; transforming themselves in any form tuyệt hành tiên etc.. A classification of five is deva genii thiên tiên; spirit genii thần tiên; human genii nhân tiên; earth or cavern genii địa tiên; and ghost genii quỉ tiên.

Tiên cảnh. Fairyland; elysium.

Tiên du. To visit the fairyland; to depart this life.

Tiên nhân lộc viên. Rsipatana (S) Isipatana (P). Deer Park. Also Thiên nhân viên, Chư thiên đọa xứ.

Tiến, tấn. Advance, progress, enter.

Tiến bộ. Progress, improvement

Tiến cụ. To reach the age (20) and advance to full ordination.

Tiến hóa. To evolve, develop.

Tiến hóa nhị nguyên luận. Samkhya (S). Name of a non-buddhist sect. Also Số luận.

Tiến tu. Advance in the cultivation.

Tiền. Pùrva (S). Before, former, previous; in front.

Tiền căn. Earlier root, earlier cause; cause generated from an earlier life.

Tiền duyên. Earlier conditions. Predestined affinity; predestined union.

Tiền định. Preordained, predetermined, predestined.

Tiền đường. The front hall, or its front part.

Tiền hậu tế đoạn. Discontinuous function, though seemingly continuous, e.g. a "Catherine wheel" , or torch whirled around.

Tiền khiên. Past sins.

Tiền kiếp. Pùrvakalpa (S). Former existence; previous life.

Tiền nghiệp. Earlier, former karma.

Tiền nhân. Predecessor, antecessor.

Tiền oan. A calamity which is the effect of a misdeed perpatrated during an anterior life; malediction, curse. Also Tiền oan nghiệp chướng.

Tiền sinh. Xem tiền thế.

Tiền sử. Pùvayoga (S). Former connections.

Tiền thân. The previous body, or incarnation.

Tiền thế. Former life, or lives.

Tiền trần. Previous impure conditions (influencing the succeeding stage or stages.

Tiền triết. The ancient sages.

Tiếp. To receive, take; join on; graft.

Tiếp dẫn. To receive and lead, to welcome.

Tiếp nối. To join; to abut; to resume, take up again.

Tiếp túc tác lễ. To embrace the (Buddha's) feet in reverence or pleading, or to extend the arms in that posture.

Tiệp. The success of an army, victory; quick, swift, prompt, active.

Tiệp kính. Compendious way, short cut.

Tiết chế. To control, to restrain, to moderate, to temper (desires, passions)

Tiết dục. To restrain one's desires; to restrict procreation; continence, chastity.

Tiết hạnh. Chastity.

Tiêu. Melt, disperse, expend, digest, dispose of.

Tiêu cực. Negative, passive, pessimistic.

Tiêu dao. To roam about leisurely.

Tiêu tai. To disperse, dissipate, or put an end to calamity. To get rid of misfortune.

Tiêu trừ. To abolish, suppress, eradicate.

Tiêu trưởng. To decay and grow; waxing and waning.

Tiểu. Small, little; mean, petty; inferior.

Tiểu bản. Small volume. Thiên Thai term for the (tiểu) A di đà kinh; the large sùtra being the Vô lượng thọ kinh.

Tiểu Bễ. Upacàru (S). Name of a cakravartiràja. Also Ô ba giá lô.

Tiểu bộ kinh. Khuddaka-nikàya (P).

Tiểu căn. Having a mind fit only for Hìnayàna doctrine.

Tiểu dụ kinh. Culla Màlinkyaputta-sutta (P)

Tiểu Hiền. Bhadrika (S). One of the five first disciple of the Buddha. Also Bạt Đề.

Tiểu kiếp. Antarà-kalpa (S). Intermediate kalpa.

Tiểu pháp. The laws or methods of Hìnayàna.

Tiểu phẩm. Summarized version.

Tiểu phẩm bát nhã kinh. Astasàhasrikà-prajnàpàramità-sùtra (S). Kumàrajiva's abbreviated version, in 10 quyển, of the Mahà-pràjnà-pàramità-sùtra.

Tiểu phẩm kinh. Xem Tiểu dụ kinh.

Tiểu phiền não địa pháp. Upaklesabhùmikàh (S). The ten lesser evils or illusions, or temptations, one of the five groups of mental conditions of the seventy five Hìnayàna elements. They are the minor moral defects arising from vô minh unenlightenment; i.e. phẫn anger; hận hate; phú hidden sin; não vexation; tật envy; san stingines; cuống deceit; xiểm adulation; hại ill will ; kiêu pride Tiểu sư. A junior monk of less than ten years full ordination, also a courtesy tittle for a disciple; and a self-depreciatory tittle of any monk.

Tiểu thánh. Hìnayàna saint, or arhat. The inferior saint, or bodhisattva, as compared with the Buddha.

Tiểu thảo. Smaller herbs, those who keep the five precepts and do the ten good deeds, thereby attaining to rebirth as men or devas.

Tiểu thiên thế giới. A small chiliocosm, consisting of a thousand worlds, each with its Mt Sumeru, continents, seas and ring of iron mountain etc...

Tiểu thụ. Small trees, bodhisattvas in the lower stages.

Tiểu thừa (Thặng). Hìnayàna (S). The small, lesser vehicle.

Tiểu thừa giới. The precepts of the Hìnayàna also recognized by the Mahàyàna: the five, eight, and ten precepts, the 250 for the monks, and the 348 for the nuns.

Tiểu thừa kinh. The Hìnayàna sùtras, the four sections of the Agamas.

Tiểu thừa luận. The Hìnayàna sàstras or Abhidharma. The philosophical canon of the Hìnayàna, now supposed to consist of some thirty seven works, the earliest of which is said to be the Gunanirdesa sàstra